The Cell Flashcards
the science concerned with the minute structure of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function.
HUMAN HISTOLOGY (MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY)
HISTOLOGY: MICROANATOMY
THREE COMPONENTS OF THE BODY
CELL
INTERCELLULAR OR EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES
BODY FLUIDS
a discrete entity bound by a membrane that “isolates” it from it environment
CELL
materials that lie between cells to support and nourish them
INTERCELLULAR OR EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES
Body fluids include:
BLOOD
TISSUE OR INTERCELLULAR FLUID
LYMPH
confined within the vascular system
Blood
between and around cells
TISSUE OR INTERCELLULAR FLUID
drain tissue fluid back to the venous system
LYMPH
is the smallest unit of protoplasm capable of living independently
CELL
is the structural and functional unit of the body.
CELL
TWO TYPES OF CELL:
PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]
found in primitive cells such as bacteria
PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
in all higher plants and animals
EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]
metabolic and hereditary components are mixed
PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
bulk or hereditary material is isolated in a membrane-bound nucleus lying in the remainder of the cell or cytoplasm
EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]
have no histones (specific basic proteins) bound to their DNA
PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
no membranous organelles
PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
The living substance of the cell
PROTOPLASM
All parts of the cell are mainly composed of _____.
proteins
TWO COMPARTMENTS OF PROTOPLASM
CYTOPLASM
KARYOPLASM
Extending from the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope.
CYTOPLASM
a.k.a nucleoplasm
KARYOPLASM
It is the medium for chemical reaction.
CYTOPLASM
the material forming the contents of the nucleus
KARYOPLASM
It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.
CYTOPLASM
All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the _______ of a cell.
CYTOPLASM
COMPONENTS OF PROTOPLASM
PROTEIN
NUCLEIC ACID
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPID
INORGANIC MATERIALS
WATER
main structural elements of the cell and the intercellular material
PROTEIN
exist as: pure lipoprotein, glycoprotein, proteoglycan, or mucoprotein
PROTEIN
ex. Secretory products such as enzymes, some hormones.
PROTEIN
large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses
NUCLEIC ACID
the function involves the storage and expression of genomic information.
NUCLEIC ACID
2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:
DNA
RNA
2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:
found mainly in the nucleus
DNA
2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:
nucleus and cytoplasm
RNA
as glucose, they are stored as glycogen
CARBOHYDRATES
also an energy source
LIPID
important component of cellular membrane
LIPID
exists as:
free radicals sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (HPO42-), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-)
INORGANIC MATERIALS
maintenance of osmotic pressure gradients
INORGANIC MATERIALS
muscle contraction/relaxation
INORGANIC MATERIALS
tissue rigidity (e.g. bone)
INORGANIC MATERIALS
cell adhesion
INORGANIC MATERIALS
enzyme activation
INORGANIC MATERIALS
75% of protoplasm
WATER
partly free: available for metabolic processes
WATER
partly bound to protein: as a structural component
WATER
