The Cell

Question 1

the structural and functional unit of all living things

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

cells have three major regions, or parts

Answer 2

: nucleus, plasma membrane,
and cytoplasm

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

is the control center of the cell and is necessary for cell division, or
cell replication

Question 4

The nucleus

Answer 4

is the structure that houses and protects the
DNA (genetic material)

Question 5

chromatin

Answer 5

When the cell is not dividing, that
genetic material is in a threadlike form called

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

When a cell is dividing to form daughter cells, the chromatin
coils and condenses to form darkly staining rodlike bodies
called

Question 7

assem-bly sites for ribosomes (particularly abundant in the cyto-plasm), which are the actual protein-synthesizing “factories.

Answer 7

nucleoli

Question 8

The nucleus is bound by

Answer 8

a double-layered porous mem-brane, the nuclear envelope, or nuclear membrane

Question 9

nuclear pores

Answer 9

which permit large
molecules such as protein and RNA molecules to pass easily

Question 10

The plasma membrane

Answer 10

separates cell contents (its “inside”)
from the surrounding environment (its “outside”).

Question 11

The proteins in the membrane allow ?

Answer 11

cell adhesion, cellular transport, and communication

Question 12

microvilli,

Answer 12

very small fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area of the cell

Question 13

The cytoplasm

Answer 13

is the cell contents outside the nucleus and
is the major site of most activities carried out by the cell

Question 14

cytosol, the fluid part of the cytoplasm, are
tiny structures

Answer 14

organelles

Question 15

The organelles

Answer 15

(are the metabolic machinery of
the cell, and they are highly organized to carry out specific activities for the cell as a whole