The Catabolism of Glucose - glycolysis Flashcards
What does exergonic mean?
(of a metabolic or chemical process) accompanied by the release of energy.
What does endergonic mean?
(of a metabolic or chemical process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy, the products being of greater free energy than the reactants.
What is glucose oxidised to?
CO2 and H2O
What are some cell types that require glucose as an energy type?
Retina, Brain, All cancer cells
What form of glucose must the body only metabolise?
The D form of glucose, any other and you will die
Name the 4 disaccharides?
Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose
Cellobiose
What are the 2 polysaccharides?
Cellulose
Glycogen
What are some of the fates of glucose?
Storage
Pyruvate
Lactate
How does glucose transport into cells?
Via Na+/glucose symporters (passive facilitated diffusion - DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY)- glucose gets into the cells by cells expressed on the cell membrane, the process is coupled with sodium into the cell, tenancy for sodium wanting to get into the cell
How many GLUT receptors are there?
5
Describe how glucose is transported into the cell?
Glucose binds to the outside of the GLUT receptor, and triggers a conformational change.
The binding site now faces into the cell.
Glucose is released into the cell
The release of glucose causes a conformational change so the binding site is on the outside again
Describe the pathway of glycolysis?
Glucose - fructose 1,6 biphosphate - 2 triode phosphates - 2 pyruvate
What is the net gain of glycolysis
2 ATP
How many ATP and NADH + 2H do you get from the complete conversion of glycolysis to pyruvate?
4ATP molecules
2 NADH + 2H
What are the key regulatory mechanisms of glycolysis and their functions? (Control points)
Hexokinase - substrate entry
Phosphofructokinase - rate of flow
Pyruvate Kinase - product exit
