Clinical relevance of Biochemistry 1

Question 1

What does insulin stop?

Answer 1

Glucogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis
Ketogenesis
Proteolysis

Question 2

What does insulin stimulate?

Answer 2

Glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue
Glycolysis
Glycogen synthesis
Protein synthesis
Uptake of ions (especially K+ and PO4(3+)

Question 3

What is the main reason for insulin resistance? And what is its mechanism?

Answer 3

Obesity is the main reason
Obesity is when too much energy is being stored as fat
Obese people become resistant to insulin s a protection against even more fuel being laid down

Question 4

What is lipolysis and what does it do?

Answer 4

It is the breakdown of lipids

Stores fat in adipose tissues

Question 5

What is the key enzyme in lipolysis and what does it do?

Answer 5

hormone sensitive lipase

It releases free fatty acids and glycol - this occurs when energy is NEEDED

Question 6

Describe ketone bodies?

Answer 6

They are formed in liver mitochondria
STRONG ACIDIC
Diffuse into the blood stream and to peripheral tissues
Can detect ketones in blood or urine

Question 7

Name an Enzyme marker of muscle?>

Answer 7

Creatine kinase CK

Question 8

Name an enzyme marker of liver?

Answer 8

Alanine aminotransferase ALT
Aspartate aminotransferase AST
glutamyltranspeptidase GGT

Question 9

Name an enzyme marker of the pancreas?

Answer 9

Amylase AMY

Lipase LIP

Question 10

Name an enzyme marker of cardiac?

Answer 10

Creatine kinase CK
Aspartate aminotransferase AST
Lactate dehydrogenase LDH

Question 11

Name some symptoms of muscle damage?

Answer 11

Generalised aches/pains
Crush injury/dark urine
Poor exercise tolerance

Question 12

Name some symptoms of liver damage?

Answer 12

Abdominal pain/tenderness
Nausea/vomiting
Jaundice

Question 13

Name some symptoms of pancreatic damage?

Answer 13

acute abode pain

Question 14

Name some symptoms of cardiac damage?

Answer 14

Central chest pain
Acute SOB
Palpitations