The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Why do veins have thinner walls than arteries?

Answer 1

They carry blood at less pressure than arteries

Question 2

Collateral circulation is

Answer 2

More than one artery supplying an area

Question 3

What function do the valves serve in blood vessels

Answer 3

Valves keep the flow of blood in one direction

Question 4

Valves are formed from which type of tissue

Answer 4

Connective Tissue

Question 5

Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel

Answer 5

Vasodilation

Question 6

The term for the force of pressure that pulls fluid into the capillary from the tissues

Answer 6

Osmotic pressure

Question 7

The tissue lining blood vessels

Answer 7

Endothelial

Question 8

Structures in veins ensuring one-way flow

Answer 8

Valves

Question 9

Veins can be referred to as these, because they can hold a large quantity of blood

Answer 9

Capacitance vessels

Question 10

The mechanism by which gases move across capillary

walls

Answer 10

Diffusion

Question 11

The term given to exchange of gases across capillary walls in the tissues

Answer 11

Internal respiration

Question 12

The middle layer of blood vessel walls

Answer 12

Tunica media

Question 13

The term for the pressure of the blood against the wall of the blood vessel

Answer 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

The type of vessel that drains excess tissue fluid away from the tissues

Answer 14

Lymphatic capillary

Question 15

Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel

Answer 15

Vasoconstriction

Question 16

The layer of the blood vessel that wall that secretes nitric oxide

Answer 16

Tunica intima

Question 17

The layer of the blood vessel wall composed mainly of fibrous tissue

Answer 17

Tunica adventia

Question 18

The middle layer of the blood vessel wall

Answer 18

Tunica media

Question 19

The layer of the blood vessel wall that is only one cell thick

Answer 19

Tunica intima

Question 20

The opening down the middle of a blood vessel

Answer 20

Lumen

Question 21

The wall of large arteries, such as the aorta is rich in

Answer 21

Elastic tissue

Question 22

The term of a blood vessel with a significant capacity for dilation and constriction in order to control blood flow

Answer 22

Resistance vessel

Question 23

The term of blood vessel that expands readily to accommodate large quantities of blood at relatively low pressure

Answer 23

Capacitance vessel

Question 24

The type of tissue that lines blood vessels

Answer 24

Endothelium

Question 25

A small artery

Answer 25

Arteriole

Question 26

An artery that link two other arteries

Answer 26

Anastomosis

Question 27

An artery with no other opening except in the capillary bed

Answer 27

End artery

Question 28

The term for a blockage in a blood vessel

Answer 28

Occlusion

Question 29

Represents ventricle repolarisation

Answer 29

T wave

Question 30

Represents atrial depolarisation

Answer 30

P wave

Question 31

Represents ventricle depolarisation

Answer 31

QRS complex

Question 32

The term for the normal heart rhythm

Answer 32

Sinus rhythm

Question 33

A slow heart rate

Answer 33

Bradycardia

Question 34

A fast heart rate

Answer 34

Tachycardia

Question 35

An abnormal heart rhythm

Answer 35

Arrhytmia

Question 36

The machine used to record the electrical activity of the heart

Answer 36

Electrocardiograpgh

Question 37

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Answer 37

Electrocardiagram

Question 38

Cardiac contraction

Answer 38

Systole

Question 39

Cardiac relaxation

Answer 39

Diastole

Question 40

Electrical activation of the myocardial cell

Answer 40

Depolaristation

Question 41

Restoration of the myocardial cell membrane potential to its resting state

Answer 41

Repolaristaion

Question 42

The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is

Answer 42

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres

Question 43

What is measured by an electrocardogram

Answer 43

Electrical conductivity

Question 44

When the ventricles contract the atrioventricular valves close because the pressure in the

Answer 44

Ventricles is greater than the atria

Question 45

The cardiac valves ensure that the flow of blood to the heart is in one direction. Where else in the cardiovascular system are there valves that do the same thing?

Answer 45

Medium sized veins

Question 46

The characteristic sounds of the heartbeat through a stethoscope placed on the cell walls are due to

Answer 46

Closing of the valves inside the heart

Question 47

At which point of the cardiac cycle are the walls of the aorta most stretched

Answer 47

During the first heart sound

Question 48

The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart

Answer 48

The SA node

Question 49

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the

Answer 49

The atria

Question 50

Chordae tendineae are associated with

Answer 50

Mitral and Tricuspid valve

Question 51

Detect changes in the blood

Answer 51

Chemoreceptors

Question 52

One location where baroreceptors are found

Answer 52

Carotid sinuses

Question 53

Most blood vessels have little of this type of autonomic stimulation

Answer 53

Parasympathetic

Question 54

Baroreceptors respond to this in the blood vessel wall

Answer 54

Stretch

Question 55

The steroid hormone increases blood pressure by increasing sodium and water re absorption from the kidneys

Answer 55

Aldosterone

Question 56

The mechanism responsible for control of blood pressure by regulating blood volume

Answer 56

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

Question 57

The posterior pituitary hormone increases blood volume and blood pressure by increasing water reabsorption

Answer 57

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 58

The hormone from the atria reduces blood pressure

Answer 58

Atrial Natriuteric Peptide

Question 59

The response of blood vessels to hypoxia

Answer 59

Vasoconstriction

Question 60

The term for a reduction in blood pressure

Answer 60

Hypotension

Question 61

Which vein does the cephalic vein run into

Answer 61

Axiliary

Question 62

The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of which blood vessels

Answer 62

Internal and external iliac veins

Question 63

What is the function of the portal circulation

Answer 63

To regulate the concentration of substances in the blood coming from the intestine

Question 64

The cystic vein drains which organ

Answer 64

Gall bladder

Question 65

The best definition of a vein is a vessel that

Answer 65

Carries blood towards the heart

Question 66

Which artery is used to feel the pulse in the neck

Answer 66

Common carotid

Question 67

Which artery is in the wrist is used for taking a pulse

Answer 67

Radial