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Anatomy and Physiology > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do veins have thinner walls than arteries?

A

They carry blood at less pressure than arteries

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2
Q

Collateral circulation is

A

More than one artery supplying an area

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3
Q

What function do the valves serve in blood vessels

A

Valves keep the flow of blood in one direction

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4
Q

Valves are formed from which type of tissue

A

Connective Tissue

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5
Q

Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel

A

Vasodilation

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6
Q

The term for the force of pressure that pulls fluid into the capillary from the tissues

A

Osmotic pressure

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7
Q

The tissue lining blood vessels

A

Endothelial

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8
Q

Structures in veins ensuring one-way flow

A

Valves

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9
Q

Veins can be referred to as these, because they can hold a large quantity of blood

A

Capacitance vessels

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10
Q

The mechanism by which gases move across capillary

walls

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

The term given to exchange of gases across capillary walls in the tissues

A

Internal respiration

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12
Q

The middle layer of blood vessel walls

A

Tunica media

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13
Q

The term for the pressure of the blood against the wall of the blood vessel

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

The type of vessel that drains excess tissue fluid away from the tissues

A

Lymphatic capillary

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15
Q

Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel

A

Vasoconstriction

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16
Q

The layer of the blood vessel that wall that secretes nitric oxide

A

Tunica intima

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17
Q

The layer of the blood vessel wall composed mainly of fibrous tissue

A

Tunica adventia

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18
Q

The middle layer of the blood vessel wall

A

Tunica media

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19
Q

The layer of the blood vessel wall that is only one cell thick

A

Tunica intima

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20
Q

The opening down the middle of a blood vessel

A

Lumen

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21
Q

The wall of large arteries, such as the aorta is rich in

A

Elastic tissue

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22
Q

The term of a blood vessel with a significant capacity for dilation and constriction in order to control blood flow

A

Resistance vessel

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23
Q

The term of blood vessel that expands readily to accommodate large quantities of blood at relatively low pressure

A

Capacitance vessel

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24
Q

The type of tissue that lines blood vessels

A

Endothelium

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25
Q

A small artery

A

Arteriole

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26
Q

An artery that link two other arteries

A

Anastomosis

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27
Q

An artery with no other opening except in the capillary bed

A

End artery

28
Q

The term for a blockage in a blood vessel

A

Occlusion

29
Q

Represents ventricle repolarisation

A

T wave

30
Q

Represents atrial depolarisation

A

P wave

31
Q

Represents ventricle depolarisation

A

QRS complex

32
Q

The term for the normal heart rhythm

A

Sinus rhythm

33
Q

A slow heart rate

A

Bradycardia

34
Q

A fast heart rate

A

Tachycardia

35
Q

An abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhytmia

36
Q

The machine used to record the electrical activity of the heart

A

Electrocardiograpgh

37
Q

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

A

Electrocardiagram

38
Q

Cardiac contraction

A

Systole

39
Q

Cardiac relaxation

A

Diastole

40
Q

Electrical activation of the myocardial cell

A

Depolaristation

41
Q

Restoration of the myocardial cell membrane potential to its resting state

A

Repolaristaion

42
Q

The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres

43
Q

What is measured by an electrocardogram

A

Electrical conductivity

44
Q

When the ventricles contract the atrioventricular valves close because the pressure in the

A

Ventricles is greater than the atria

45
Q

The cardiac valves ensure that the flow of blood to the heart is in one direction. Where else in the cardiovascular system are there valves that do the same thing?

A

Medium sized veins

46
Q

The characteristic sounds of the heartbeat through a stethoscope placed on the cell walls are due to

A

Closing of the valves inside the heart

47
Q

At which point of the cardiac cycle are the walls of the aorta most stretched

A

During the first heart sound

48
Q

The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart

A

The SA node

49
Q

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the

A

The atria

50
Q

Chordae tendineae are associated with

A

Mitral and Tricuspid valve

51
Q

Detect changes in the blood

A

Chemoreceptors

52
Q

One location where baroreceptors are found

A

Carotid sinuses

53
Q

Most blood vessels have little of this type of autonomic stimulation

A

Parasympathetic

54
Q

Baroreceptors respond to this in the blood vessel wall

A

Stretch

55
Q

The steroid hormone increases blood pressure by increasing sodium and water re absorption from the kidneys

A

Aldosterone

56
Q

The mechanism responsible for control of blood pressure by regulating blood volume

A

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

57
Q

The posterior pituitary hormone increases blood volume and blood pressure by increasing water reabsorption

A

Antidiuretic hormone

58
Q

The hormone from the atria reduces blood pressure

A

Atrial Natriuteric Peptide

59
Q

The response of blood vessels to hypoxia

A

Vasoconstriction

60
Q

The term for a reduction in blood pressure

A

Hypotension

61
Q

Which vein does the cephalic vein run into

A

Axiliary

62
Q

The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of which blood vessels

A

Internal and external iliac veins

63
Q

What is the function of the portal circulation

A

To regulate the concentration of substances in the blood coming from the intestine

64
Q

The cystic vein drains which organ

A

Gall bladder

65
Q

The best definition of a vein is a vessel that

A

Carries blood towards the heart

66
Q

Which artery is used to feel the pulse in the neck

A

Common carotid

67
Q

Which artery is in the wrist is used for taking a pulse

A

Radial

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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