Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1808 - Human Anatomy and Physiology > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the right and left side of the heart do?

A

Right side: receives deoxygenated blood from body and pumps to the lungs
Left side: receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 main blood vessels in the heart? And what do they do?

A
  1. Arteries: transport blood from Away from the heart
  2. Veins: transport blood to the heart
  3. Capillaries: act as sites of substance exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 major valves called?

A
  1. Atrioventricular valve
  2. Semilunar valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 main circuits? And what do they do?

A
  1. Pulmonary circuit: movement of blood/fluid through lungs
  2. Systemic circuit: movement of blood/fluid through body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the tip of the heart called?

A

The apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How may layers comprise the heart wall? And what are they called?

A

3
1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 components of cardiac muscle? And what do they do?

A
  1. Desmosomes: mechanical junctions between cells that prevent cardiomyocytes from being pulled apart
  2. Electrical junctions: gap junctions that allow ions to flow between cells -> spreading action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many valves are there? And what are they called?

A

4
1. Tricuspid valve (AV)
2. Mitral valve (AV)
3. Aortic valve (SL)
4. Pulmonic valve (SL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do AV valves do?

A

Open and allow blood flow from atria -> ventricles (diastole)
Close to prevent backflow (systole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do SL valves do?

A

Open to allow blood flow into pulmonary trunk
Close to prevent backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 structures of the heart? And what are they called?

A
  1. Sinoatrial Node (SA)
  2. Atrioventricular Node (AV)
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Purkinje Fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the SA Node do?

A

Acts as a pacemaker to generate electrical impulses that spread to both atria and AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the AV Node do?

A

Transmits electrical signals after slight delay to bundle of His

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Bundle of His do?

A

Divides into right and left bundle branches for each ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the Purkinje Fibres do?

A

Large diameter myofibres (specialised muscle cells) that conduct signals quickly to ventricular muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the Conduction System of the Heart.

A
  1. Spread of depolarisation from SA node stimulates two atria to contract simultaneously and push blood into the ventricles
  2. Electrical signal goes through AV node which allows the ventricles to fill
  3. Depolarisation wave travels very quickly through Bundle of His and Purkinje fibres
  4. Entire ventricular myocardium depolarises and contracts in unison, results in blood being pushed from both ventricles at same time
17
Q

What are the 3 waves/complexes represented in an ECG? And what do they represent?

A
  1. P Wave: depolarisation of the atria
  2. QRS Complex: depolarisation of the ventricles and repolarisation of the atria
  3. T Wave: repolarisation of the ventricles
18
Q

What are the 2 broad areas of the Cardiac Cycle? And what do they do?

A
  1. Ventricular Diastole (filling): blood flows from atria at the end of atrial contraction
  2. Ventricular Systole (contraction): ejection of blood through semilunar valves
19
Q

What is the formula of Cardiac Output?

A

CO = HR x SV
HR: Heart rate
SV: Stroke volume

20
Q

What is the formula of Stroke Volume?

A

SV = EDV - ESV
EDV: End-diastolic volume
ESV: End-systolic volume

21
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect stroke volume?

A
  1. Venous Return/Preload
  2. Contractility
  3. Afterload
22
Q

What are the 6 factors that affect cardiac output?

A
  1. Chronotropic Agents
  2. Venous Return
  3. Inotropic Agents
  4. Afterload
  5. Heart Rate
  6. Stroke Volume
23
Q

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels? And what do they do?

A
  1. Tunica Intima (Interna): innermost layer of endothelium
  2. Tunica Media: middle layer, made of smooth muscle cells and supported by elastic fibres
  3. Tunica Externa: outer layer of areolar tissue (loose connective tissue), contains elastic and collagen fibres
24
Q

What are the 3 types of arteries?

A
  1. Elastic Arteries (largest)
  2. Muscular Arteries (middle)
  3. Arterioles (smallest)
25
Q

What are the 3 capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous Capillaries: tight junctions connect endothelial cells while thin intercellular clefts allow passage of fluids and small solutes
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries: more permeable than continuous capillaries; function in absorption or filtrate formation
  3. Sinusoidal Capillaries: allow large molecules and blood cells to pass between blood and surrounding tissues
26
Q

What are the 2 steps in Capillary Exchange?

A
  1. Filtration: selective movement of material into interstitial fluid through the capillary walls that act as a filter
  2. Reabsorption: movement from interstitial fluid into capillaries – directed inwards
27
Q

What are the 3 sources of resistance in blood flow?

A
  1. Blood Viscosity: the thickness of blood
  2. Total Blood Vessel Length: dependant on blood vessels
  3. Blood Vessel Diameter
28
Q

What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) System do? And how?

A

Control BP by altering both peripheral resistance and blood volume |
Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and increases blood volume by stimulating the 3rd centre and the release of aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone

1808 - Human Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions