The CardioVascular System

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the CV system?

Answer 1

Transport of Substances - Transporting things around the body in the bloodstream like oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients. This tides the muscles what they need to release beefy to life during exercise.

Temperature Control - Moving more blood nearer the skin cools the body more quickly. This means you can exercise for a long time without overheating.

Clotting of Wounds - Your blood clots to seal cuts. This stops you bleeding too much if you get a cut, and helps to prevent wounds becoming infected.

Question 2

What are the three main blood vessels and what are their functions?

Answer 2

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart. All arteries carry oxygenated flood except for the pulmonary arteries.

Veins - Carry blood towards the heart. All veins carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins.

Capillaries - Carry blood through the body to exchange oxygen, Carbon dioxide and nutrients with the body’s tissues.

Question 3

What are the four components of Blood and what are their functions?

Answer 3

Red Blood Cells - Carry oxygen around the body so it can be used to release energy needed by muscles during physical activity.

White Blood Cells - Fight against disease so you stay healthy and perform well.

Platelets - Help blood to clot at wounds so they don’t become infected.

Plasma - Carries everything in the bloodstream. That includes blood cells, digested food (e.g. glucose) and waste (e.g. Carbon dioxide).

Question 4

What is ‘ Vascular Shunting’?

Answer 4

When you exercise, blood is redistributed around the body to increase the supply of oxygen to your muscles.

Question 5

MOVEMENT OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART AND LUNGS

Answer 5

LEFT SIDE

• Oxygenated blood from the lung enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
• The left atrium contracts, pushing the blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
• The left ventricle contract, pushing the blood through the left semi-lunar valve into the aorta (an artery), which carries the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body - including the muscles.

RIGHT SIDE
- When the muscles have used the oxygen
in the blood, it becomes deoxygenated.

• It then enter the richt strium through the vena cava vein.
• The right atrium contracts, pushing the blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
• The right ventricle contracts, pushing the blood through the right semi-lunar valve into the pulmonary artery, which
  carries the blood to the lung to be oxygenated again.