The cardiac pressure and volume cycle with ions and action potentials Flashcards
What is important about cerebral circulation?
Brain maintains all vital functions
Constancy of flow & pressure
Autoregulation
Give the name of the circle of arteries found on the brains inferior surface
Circle of willis
Describe how renal circulation is an example of a portal system
Glomerular capillaries to peritubular capillaries
Which compounds are produced by the kidneys?
ACE and Renin
Give the function of ACE and Renin
Endocrine functions
Controlling blood volume
Responding to renal blood pressure
Which percentage of cardiac output does skeletal muscle use during strenuous exercise?
80%
How does skeletal muscle respond to adrenaline?
By causing vasodilatation
Describe some special aspects of skin circulation
Role in Thermo–Regulation
Perfusion can increase 100X
Arteriovenous Anastomoses- Primary role in thermoreg
Sweat Glands- Role in thermoregulation and Plasma ultrafiltrate
Response to Trauma- Red reaction, flare, wheal
Give the four sequential events of the cardiac cycle
Ventricular filling
Isovolumic* ventricular contraction
Ejection
Isovolumic ventricular relaxation
When does the aortic valve close?
Left ventricular pressure < aortic pressure
Describe the PV loop of mitral stenosis
Decrease preload
Decrease afterload
Describe the PV loop of aortic stenosis
Increased afterload
Describe the PV loop of mitral reguirgitation
Increase preload
Decrease afterload
Describe the PV loop of aortic reguirgitation
Increase in preload
What is S1?
Lub- first heart sound
AV valves close, normally loudest