Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 103: Theme 3: Physiology of the cardiovascular system. Principles of pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease > Introduction to circulation > Flashcards

Introduction to circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Give the single function of the cardiovascular system

A

Perfusion- the delivery and supply of 02 and removal of waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does flow require?

A

A pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give 2 sources of pathologies arising

A

Diminished perfusion

Diminished oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the pathology of Ischemia

A

Lack of flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the pathology of Anaemia/Hypoxia

A

Lack of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give the pathology of Tachyponea

A

Build up of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are some symptoms caused?

A

Build up of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the problems arising from hypotension

A

Syncope- shock
Caused by insufficient perfusion and supply of 02 to the brain
Is the most common cause of fainting and is common cause of death in critically ill patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define hypertension

A

Too high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the problems arising from hypertension

A

Vessel damage, heart damage and other pathologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define circulation

A

Movement of blood around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the 2 hearts and give their function in terms of circulation

A

Right heart- pulmonary circulation

Left heart - systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List some functions of circulation

A 
Carrying O2 and nutrients to cells
Removing waste such as CO2 and heat
Defence against infections
Distribution of hormones
Homeostasis of extracellular fluid
Temperature regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between series and parallel circulation?

A

Series- flows in one after the other

Parallel- Branching paths, concurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give the formula of blood pressure

A

Blood pressure= cardiac output X peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give the function of aorta

A

Stores kinetic energy

Stretch and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give the function of arteries and vessel characteristics

A

Distribute
Volume adjust by getting bigger or smaller in lumen diameter
Muscular and elastic with thick walls

21
Q

Give the function of arterioles and vessel characteristics

A

Regulate caps
Resistance
Set blood pressure and total peripheral resistance
Muscular with little connective tissue

22
Q

Give the function of capillaries and vessel characteristics

A

Exchange

Endothelial layer with no muscle

23
Q

Give the function of venules and vessel characteristics

A

Collect blood
Some exchange
Thin walls with some smooth muscle

24
Q

Give the function of veins and vessel characteristics

A

Reservoir for blood
Muscle pump
Thin walled with smooth muscle, flaccid

25
Q

Where is the most blood volume located?

A

In the veins

26
Q

Describe the structure of an artery

A

Consists of 3 layers
Intima- endothelium, basement membrane and lamina propia
Media- smooth muscle and elastic fibres
Adventia
Has its own arterioles, veins and nerve supply

27
Q

What is the importance of the valves in veins?

A

To prevent backflow and allowing blood to be pumped back to the heart by contraction of skeletal muscle

28
Q

Describe the key aspects of pulmonary circulation

A 
Right ventricle- thin walled, crescent cross section
Lungs only
Low pressure 
High flow
High resistance
29
Q

Describe the key aspects of systemic circulation

A

Left ventricle- thick walled, circular cross section
Whole body/multiple organs
Variable flow
Variable resistance

30
Q

When do valves open?

A

When pressure is higher on inlet side

31
Q

When do valves close?

A

When pressure is higher on outlet side

32
Q

How many leaflets do valves have?

A

3 except the mitral valve has 2

33
Q

List the sequence of circulation in the heart

A 
Superior and inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta and systemic circulation
34
Q

Define the apex beat

A

At systole the apex of the heart moves forward and strikes the chest

35
Q

What is the first heart sound and what is its cause?

A

Lub- caused by mitral and tricuspid valves closing during systole

36
Q

What is the second heart sound and what is its cause?

A

Dub- caused by aortic and pulmonary valves closing during diastole

37
Q

What is the cause between the dub and lub?

A

Diastole is longer than systole

38
Q

What are forced elements?

A

Red blood cells, white cells and platelets

39
Q

What is the circulatory capacity?

A

Volume of space allowed for blood

40
Q

When do forced elements contribute to pressure?

A

When they block vessels

41
Q

How is blood pressure determined?

A

By the balance between circulating blood volume and circulatory capacity

42
Q

List the sequence that occurs in the kidneys

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

43
Q

Define hypoxaemia

A

General low O2 content throughout arterial blood

44
Q

Define hypoxia

A

General term for low O2 content

45
Q

Define anoxia

A

General term for no oxygen locally

46
Q

Define ischaemia

A

Insufficient blood flow to an area caused by problems in vessel, low blood volume or insufficient pressure generation

47
Q

What is angina pectoris and how is it caused and treated?

A

Symptom of chest pain due to overexertion of heart tissue
Treat with nitrates for immediate relief or long term treatment is as coronary artery disease
Caused by CAD, embolism or blockage leading to ischemia

48
Q

What is myocardial infarction and how is it caused and treated?

A

Death in one region of the heart causing sudden crushing chest pain in most instances. Results from occlusion of a coronary artery
Treatment is immediate reperfusion often performed by PCI to re establish blood supply to the previously ischemic area.
Treated also with drugs morphine, oxygen, nitrates and aspirin

49
Q

What usually causes syncope?

A

Shock or arrhythmia

Module 103: Theme 3: Physiology of the cardiovascular system. Principles of pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions