The Cardiac Cycle- Witwer Flashcards
The R side of the heart carries (dexoy blood or oxy blood) to the heart?
Deoxygenated (blue)
The L side of the heart carries (dexoy blood or oxy blood) to the heart?
Oxygenated (red)
Period of time between onset of atrial contraction (atrial systole) and ventricular relaxation (ventricular diastole) is called the ____________ cycle.
Cardiac
_________ means the heart muscle is relaxed and the chambers are filling with blood
Diastole
_________ means the heart muscle is contracting. It begins when contraction begins and ends when ejection of blood ceases.
Systole
Atria contract and there is final ventricular filling. At end of diastole is referred to as what?
Atrial Systole
Are these a part of systole or diastole?
- Isovolumetric (Same Volume) Ventricular Contraction
- Rapid Ventricular Ejection
- Reduced Ventricular Ejection
Systole
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describing?
Ventricles contract (systole begins), AV valves close (lub sound), ventricular pressure increases, ventricular volume remains constant, aortic and pulmonary valves remain closed.
Isovolumetric (Same Volume) Ventricular Contraction
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describe?
Ventricles contract, ventricular pressure rises until greater than pressures in the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta. Blood ejected out of ventricles. Ventricular pressue reaches maximum. Ventricular volume decreases. Aortic Pressure increases and reaches maximum.
Rapid Ventricular Ejection
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describing?
Ventricles eject blood into arteries at a slower rate. Ventricular volume reaches minimum. Aortic Pressure starts to fall as blood runs off into arteries.
Reduced Ventricular Ejection
Are these a part of systole or diastole?
- Isovolumetric (Same volume) Ventricular Relaxation
- Rapid Ventricular Filling
- Reduced Ventricular Filling (Diastasis)
Diastole
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describe?
Ventricles relaxed, ventricular pressure decreases, ventricular volume constant. Pressure in aorta greater than ventricle and aortic valve closes - dub sound.
Isovolumetric (Same volume) Ventricular Relaxation
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describing?
Ventricles relaxed, ventricles fill passively with blood from atria, ventricular volume increases, ventricular pressure low and constant
Rapid Ventricular Filling
What part of the cardiac cycle does this describing?
Ventricles relaxed, final phase of ventricular filling.
Reduced Ventricular Filling (Diastasis)
When the AV valves close, what sound do we hear?
“Lub” refers to S1
When the semilunar pulmonary and aortic valves close, what sound do we hear?
“Dub” refers to S2
Called preload, the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of atrial systole just prior to ventricular contraction
EDV End Diastolic Volume
Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle following systole
ESV End Systolic Volume
Second phase of ventricular systole during which blood is pumped from the ventricle
Ventricular Ejection Phase
Volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one beat, typically is 70ml (range 55 to 100ml).
Stroke Volume (SV)
Number of beats/min, typically 60-100bpm
Heart Rate
This type of HR is less than 60 bpm
Bradycardia (slow HR)
This type of HR is greater than 100 bpm
Tachycardia (fast)
This type of HR is means an irregular rhythm
Arrhythmia
How do you calculate cardiac output?
SV times HR
Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end load or filling in (diastole), the amount of blood in ventricle just before systole. Typical value 120ml, range 65 to 240 ml
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of contraction –systole – at the beginning of filling. Typical value 50 ml, range 16 to 143 ml.
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
How do you calculate the stroke volume (SV)?
EDV minus the ESV
The volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heart beat or cardiac cycle. Normally this is 58%, with the range of 55 to 70%.
Ejection Fraction
