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1ST YEAR SYSTEMS: Cardiovascular > The Cardiac Cycle COPY > Flashcards

The Cardiac Cycle COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during late diastole?

A
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2
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

A
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3
Q

What happens during isovolumic ventricular contraction?

A
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4
Q

What happens during ventricular ejection?

A
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5
Q

What happens during isovolumic ventricular relaxation?

A
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6
Q

What is happening at A, B, C and D

A

A - Mitral valve closes - Inital snap back of AV valve when pressure in the ventricle rises above pressure in the atrium

B - Aortic/ pulmonary/semi-lunar valve opens

C - Aortic/ pulmonary/semi-lunar valve closes

D - Mitral valve opens becuase pressure in the atrium is greater than that of the ventricle

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7
Q

What is the small rise in pressure between the aortic valve closing and the mitral valve opening because of?

A

It is known as the dicrotic notch, small bounce in pressure due to the aortic valve closing

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8
Q

What is A, B and C and typical values associated?

A

A - Systolic pressure - 120

B - Pulse pressure - 40

C - Diastolic pressure - 80

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9
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure?

A

Roughly diastolic plus one third of the pulse pressure

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10
Q

What is happening at stages A,B,C,D?

A

A - Rapid ejection

B - Slower ejection

C - Rapid filling

D - Slower filling

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11
Q

What is A, B and C?

A

End diastolic volume

Stroke volume

End systolic volume

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12
Q

Where on the graph does Isovolumeric ventricular contraction and relaxation occur?

A
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13
Q

What is happening at stages A, B, C and D?

A

A - mitral valve opens

B - Mitral valve relaxes - pressure starts rising because the ventricle starts to contract

C - Aortic valve opens opens becuase pressure in the ventricle is greater than that of the aorta (end diastolic volume)

D - aortic valve closes – End systolic volume

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14
Q

What is happening in the atrium during ejection phase?

A

Filling with blood from the lungs (pulmonary vein)

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15
Q

What are average values for EDV and ESV?

A

EDV = 140 ml

ESV = 60 ml

Stroke volume is therefore about 80 ml

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16
Q

What is meant by ejection fraction?

A

Stroke volume divided by EDV, usually around 2/3, unhealthy if less than that

17
Q

What is responsible for these two sounds?

A
18
Q

What is the cause of this abnormal sound?

A
19
Q

What is responsible for the abnormal sound seen in the phoncardiogram?

A
20
Q

What is responsible for the abnormal sound on the phonocardiogram?

A

Septal defect

21
Q

how is pressure on the right side of the heart different to that on the left?

A

pressure in the right is only about 1/5 of the left as it’s easier to pump blood through on the right side

22
Q

whilst the aortic valve is open, pressure in the aorta will match what?

A

the pressure in the ventricle

23
Q

what is the pulse pressure?

A

difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mmHg

1ST YEAR SYSTEMS: Cardiovascular (39 decks)

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