The cardiac cycle

Question 1

systolic pressure

Answer 1

The highest pressure in the aorta

round 120mmhg

Question 2

diastolic pressure

Answer 2

The lowest pressure in the aorta

Round 80mmhg

Question 3

End diastolic volume

Answer 3

The highest volume at the end of diastole

highest volume of blood in the ventricles

Question 4

End systolic volume

Answer 4

The highest volume at the end of systole

ventricles filling into aorta

Question 5

Pulse pressure

Answer 5

Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure

increases as you get older as elastic fibres die

Question 6

stroke volume

Answer 6

EDV-ESV

Question 7

Ejection fraction

Answer 7

SV/EDV
Better representation of the function of the heart
A healthy heart usually ejects about 2/3 of its total stroke volume

Question 8

Atrial systole

Answer 8

Atria contract and push last bit of blood into ventricles

Question 9

Isovolumic ventricle contraction

Answer 9

AV valves close- pressure in ventricles becomes greater than pressure in aorta

Question 10

Ventricle ejection

Answer 10

Semilunar valves open and blood flows into major vessels

Question 11

Isovolumic ventricle relaxation

Answer 11

pressure in major vessels is greater than in ventricles so semilunar valve close

Question 12

Late diastole

Answer 12

AV valves open

Blood flows into ventricles from atria passively

Question 13

What do the different curves in the pressure diagram for the atria represent

Answer 13

A- atria contract and push last bit of blood into ventricles
C- mitral valve closes and bulges back into atrium as it is made of elastic tissue
V- blood coming back from the lungs

Question 14

how long does each cycle last

Answer 14

0.8 s which means average heart rate should be about 70-75 bpm

Question 15

What is the diastolic notch

Answer 15

point at which aortic valve snaps shut

the aorta is an elastic artery so when this happens it releases elastic energy

Question 16

what does a phonogram show and what are murmurs due to?

Answer 16

1st- when AV valves close
2nd- when semilunar valves close 
murmurs due to:
-stenosis: narrowing of valves which should be open
-regurgitation