Circulatory imaging

Question 1

different imaging dependent on function?

Answer 1

Anatomical:

• CT
• Ultrasound
• Plain films

Functional:

• MRI
• Ultrasound
• radionuclide

Question 2

Contrast agents necessary features

Answer 2

• safe
• effective
• easy to use
• similar attenuation to surroundings
• cheap
• equally distributed in the body

Question 3

Iodine contrast features

Answer 3

• cheap
• easy to use
• stable

Question 4

Iodine contrast side effects

Answer 4

• rarely nausea
• renal impairment- especially in patients who have liver problems and are on metformin
• thyroid problems
• clotting
• seizures
• asthma
• pulmonary oedema
• metallic taste
• feeling of warmth

Question 5

Catheter Angiography

Answer 5

-Sterile procedure
-No radionuclide
-contrast contains not just iodine so not as bad for patients with renal problems
1-insert catheter into vessel
2-contrast injected through pump injector
3-takes a series of rapid photographs

Question 6

Angioplasty

Answer 6

• can occur immediately when angiography takes place
• not as long lasting as surgery
• used for stenosis
• problems: embolisation, rupture, occlusion

Question 7

Ultrasound features

Answer 7

• non- invasive
• no radionuclide
• easy
• operator dependant

Question 8

Doppler
B-mode
M-mode

Answer 8

Doppler: high frequency sound waves used to measure blood flow through the arteries and the veins
B-mode: brightness increases we the amplitude and frequency of the echo increases
M-mode: allows the movement of a body structure to be observed. monitor the distance repeatedly for a single transducer.

Question 9

CT angiography

Answer 9

• need good patient complaince
• only possible through IV contrast
• uses radionuclide

Question 10

MRI angiography

Answer 10

• used high frequency magnetic fields
• expensive
• sensitive
• cannot be used in patients with pacemakers

Question 11

Radionuclide imaging

Answer 11

• used for blood loss
• need good patient compliance
• non-specific