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Science year 1 Lumiere: Biology > The Building Blocks of Life > Flashcards

The Building Blocks of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cells?

A

They’re the basic building block of life

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2
Q

How big are human cells?

A

20-30 microns

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3
Q

What are 2 instruments you can use to see microorganisms?

A

A light microscope and an electron microscope

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of a light microscope?

A

They must be thin enough to let light through it

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5
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electron microscope?

A

Advantages: They can magnify up to 1 million times
Disadvantages: They’re big and expensive

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6
Q

What are the 4 basic parts of a cell?

A
  1. The nucleus
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Cytoplasm
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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of a plant cell which animal cells don’t have?

A
  1. A cell wall
  2. Vacuole
  3. Chloroplasts
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8
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

The part of a cell that contains the genes

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9
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

It’s the outer layer of the cell and controls what gets in and out.

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10
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

The part of a cell that holds the inside of the cell together. Its jelly like.

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11
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Where respiration takes place. Provide energy for the cell.

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12
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

The tough outer layer which gives the plant cell its shape and strength.

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13
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A membrane lined space in the middle of the cytoplasm. Keeps the cell firm and supports the plant.

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14
Q

What is chloroplasts

A

Packets of green colour that capture light energy. Roots dont have these.

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15
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

They are cells adapted to a specific function in an organism.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a red blood cell?

A

To carry oxygen around you’re body.

17
Q

What are the specialised adaptation in a red blood cell?

A
  1. They’re filled with Haemoglobin which carries oxygen
  2. They’re small and flexible to pass through tiny blood vessels.
  3. Don’t have a nucleus to make space for more haemoglobin
  4. Are biconcave which allows them to pick up a lot of oxygen.
18
Q

What is the purpose of a neurone?

A

To carry electrical messages around your body

19
Q

What are the specialised adaptations of a neurone?

A
  1. They’re long, to carry messages around the body
  2. Have branches to connect them to other neurones
  3. Have insulation so electrical messages travel faster
20
Q

What is the purpose of a ciliated cell?

A

They move things (e.g bacteria) in certain parts of your body (e.g nose) by beating them with hairs.

21
Q

What are the specialised adaptations of a ciliated cell?

A
  1. They have cilia (hair-like things) to move stuff
  2. They have lots of mitochondria to supply the energy needed for movement.
22
Q

What is a palisade cell?

A

They are cells that are specialised at making food using photosynthesis. They’re green and often found on the top layer of leaves.

23
Q

What are the specialised adaptations of a palisade cell?

A
  1. They’re only found on the top parts of a leaf to get as much sunlight as possible
  2. They’re brick shaped to pack as tightly together as possible
  3. Have a lot of chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll which traps light for photosynthesis
24
Q

What are root hair cells?

A

They’re specialised to capture water from the soil.

25
Q

What are the specialised adaptations of a root hair cell?

A
  1. Have microscopic hairs giving the root a big surface area
  2. Are found on the outside of a root in the soil
  3. Have a large vacuole fill of cell sap. This helps move water from the soil into the root.
  4. Are always close to the transport system of the plant which carries water to all other cells.
26
Q

What are the five levels of organisation in a multicellular organism?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Tissues
  3. Organs
  4. Organ systems
  5. Whole organisms
27
Q

What does the liver do?

A

It removes toxins and produces bile to help digestion.

28
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

It filters the blood and produces urine.

29
Q

Cell definition.

A

The buildings blocks of all living organisms

30
Q

Tissues definition

A

Made up of many specialised cells of the same type, working together to carry out a function.

31
Q

Organ definition

A

Made up of several different types of tissues working together for a specific function

32
Q

Organ System definition

A

Several different organs working together to carry out a particular function

33
Q

Whole organism definition

A

Made up of many different organs and organ systems all working together

Science year 1 Lumiere: Biology (5 decks)

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