The Brain Stem, Cerebellar Functions and Ventricles Flashcards
Brainstem is comprised of what?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
The brainstems 3 general functions
- Receives sensory information from cranial structures and controls muscle of the head.
- Is a conduit for information flow because ascending sensory and descending sensory motor tracts travel through it.
- Nuclei in the brain stem integrate information from a variety of sources for arousal and other higher brain functions.
Medulla Functions
Participate in blood pressure and respiratory regulatory mechanisms.
Pons and Midbrain
Both play a key role in the control of eye movement.
Cerebellum
Regulates eye and limb movements and maintains posture and balance.
Thalamus
A key structure in transmitting information to the cerebral hemispheres. Neurons in separate thalamic nuclei transmit information to different cortical areas.
Hypothalamas
Controls endocrine hormone release from the pituitary gland and the overall functions of the ANS
Cerebral Hemispheres 4 major components?
Cerebral Cortex (cortical Mantle)
Hippocampal Formation
Amygdala
Basal Ganglia
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Functions of the frontal lobe?
Diverse behvioral functions, from thoughts to action, cognition and emotions.
Functions of the Precentral Gyrus
Primary motor cortex, which participates in controlling the mechanical actions of movements.
Functions of the Parietal Lobe?
Mediates our perceptions of touch, pain and limb position.
Postcentral Gyrus Functions?
Primary sensory cortex.
Functions of the Occipital Lobe
Vision
Functions of the Temporal Lobe
Mediates a variety of sensory functions and participates in memory and emotions.
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Contains the Primary Auditory Cortex, works to perceptualize and localize sound.
Where is the Primary Visual Cortex Located?
It is located in the walls and depths of the Calcarine Fissure, on the medial brain surface.
Choroid Plexus
A vascular netwrok withing the ventricles that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
When are the chambers of the ventricular system established?
In the 5-vesicle stage (5th week)
What is the Septum Pelucidum?
A membranous wall that separates the lateral ventricles.
What is the interventricular foramen (of Monroe)
This is a foramen that connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle.
What is the Cerebral Aqueduct
This aqueduct connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles.
What are the walls of the 3rd ventricle?
The Thalamus and the Hypothalamus (or Diencephalon)
What are the boundaries of the 4th ventricles?
The Pons, Cerebellum, and cerebral peduncles (fibers entering and leaving the cerebellum).
What are Cisterns?
Cisterns are regions in the subarachnoid space where the space is larger and CSF can collect into pools.
Common Cisterns are?
Pontine Cistern - anterior to the pons.
Cisterna Magna - in the vicinity of the foramen magnum
Lumbar cistern - caudal to the conus meduallris
