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Neuroanatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)

A

The function of the MLF is to coordinate bilateral eye movement and eye/head movement.
It also coordinates all the LMN across the 3 nuclear groups: Oculomotor, Trochlear and Abducens.

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A 
Superior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Inferior Oblique
Levator Palpabrae
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3
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Superior Oblique

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Lateral Rectus

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5
Q

Superior Oblique Action

A

Looking down and medial

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6
Q

Inferior Oblique Action

A

Looking upward and medial

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7
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (DCL)

A

Dentate Nucleus
Interposed Nucleus
Fastigial Nucleus

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8
Q

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract

A

Responsible for head relative to eye position.
Descending: Inferior and Medial Vestibular Nuclei.
Travels in bilateral MLF

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9
Q

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract

A

Controls posture and balance.
Goes all the way down to the Lumbosacral spinal cord.
Does not travel in the MLF rather lateral tegmentum?

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10
Q

Striatum

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus Accumbuns

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11
Q

Lenticular Nuclei

A 
Globus Palladum (E and I)
Putamen
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12
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory +

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13
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory -

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14
Q

Dopamine

A

Excitatory + OR Inhibitory -

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory +

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16
Q

Corticostriatal Pathways + or -

A

Allcortical inputs to the BG are glutamatergic (+)

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17
Q

What NT do striatal neurons project to the external and internal globus pallidus?

A

GABAergic (-)

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18
Q

What NT do the Globus pallidus and substantial nigra pars reticulata neruons project to the VL thalamas

A

GABAergic (-)

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19
Q

Subthalamic neurons projecting tothe globus pallidus internal project what type of NT?

A

Glutamatergic (+)

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20
Q

Basal Ganglia Outpt Circuits

A

GPi and SNpr are the basal ganglia output cicuits.

Their axons project to the VA/VL Thalamas (Gpi) and superior colliculus (SNpr).

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21
Q

Input to the Basal Ganglia

A

Corticostriatal Pathways from coritcal inputs from M1 and Premotor cortex.

All inputs feed into the BG cia the striatum (Caudate and Putamen)

Nigrostriatal Pathways also projects to teh striatum to modulate the corticostriatal inputs.

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22
Q

The Associative Loop Functions

A

In charge of cognitive functions. Executive functions, dealing with facts and decisions making analysis.

23
Q

The Limbic Loop Functions

A

The Limbic loop’s is part of the orbitofrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus.

Its function is associated with emotions and monitoring behavior, motivation and planning.

24
Q

Motor Loop (Direct Pathway)

A

BA4, 6 (M1, PM, and SM)
Stiratum (Putamen)
GPi
VL/ VA (mainly VL)

25
Q

Oculomotor Loop

A

FEF, SEF
Caudate Body
SNpr
VL/VA (mainly VA)

26
Q

Associative Loop (Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex)

A

Prefrontal Cortex
Caudate Body
GPi/ SNPR (Mainly SNpr)
VA/Dorsal Medial Nucleus of Thalamus (mainly VA)

27
Q

Limibic Loop

A

Cingulate, Orbitofrontal CX
Ventral Sriatum (Mainly Nucleus Accumbens)
Ventral Palladum (kinda Gpi)
VA/Dorsal Medial Thalamus (mainly DMT)

28
Q

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract Function

A

Head relative to eye position.

29
Q

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract Function

A

Posture and Balance

30
Q

Area 3A (Brodman)

A

In the post central gyrus.

Vestibular information is combined with neck movements

31
Q

Area 2V (Intraparietal Sulcus)

A

This area receives visual information about attention to your body in space. Understanding ones posture in space.

32
Q

Retro-Insular Cortex

A

Orientation of the environment.

33
Q

Anterior Group of Hypothalamus Corresponds to?

A

Middle Zone in the Coronal Cut

34
Q

Middle Group of Hypothalamus Corresponds to?

A

Periventricular Zone in the Coronal Cut

35
Q

Anterior Group/Middle Zone Contain which Nuclei, Release and Control?

A

Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei (Magnocellular)
ADH and Oxytocin
Posterior Pituitary

36
Q

Middle Group/Periventricular Zone Contain which Nuclei, Release and Control

A

Periventricular Nuclei (Parvocelullar)
Inhibiting Factors and Hormone Releasing Factors
Anterior Pituitary

37
Q

Ascending Vestibular Pathways go to what part of the Thalamus?

38
Q

Lenticular Nucleus

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

39
Q

Ascending Outputs of the Cerebellum go to what part of the Thalamus?

40
Q

Basal Ganglia indirect and direct pathways involve which part of the thalamus?

41
Q

The Bladder Control Pathway Involves which part of the Thalamus?

42
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

A

Myelenated (White Ramus)
Short Preganglionic
Releases ACH
Located within the lateral horn of Rexxed 7 in the intermediolateral nucleus (Lateral Horn) of T1 - L3.

43
Q

Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons

A

Unmyelenated (Gray Ramus)
Long Postganglionic
Release Epinephrine
Located within the sympathetic chain

44
Q

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

A

Myelenated
Long Preganglionic
Releases ACH
Locateed within the brainstem (III, IV, IX, X) and the Sacral Spinal Cord (S2 - S4).

45
Q

Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons

A

Unmyelenated
Short Postganlionic
Releases ACH
Located very close to their target organs, if not on them.

46
Q

III Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Edinger Westphal Nucleus
Post - Ciliary Nucleus
Function - Pupil constriction, near vision (lens accomodation)

47
Q

Vii Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Superior Salivatory Nucleus
Post - Sphenopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia
Function - Tearing, mucosa, saliva

48
Q

IX Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Inferior Salivatory Nucleus
Post - Otic Ganglia
Function - Saliva parotid gland

49
Q

X Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Dorsal Motor Vagus Nucleus
Post - Terminal Ganglia
Function - Heart, Lungs, GI viscera

50
Q

T1 - L3 Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Intermediolateral Nucleus
Post - Paravertebral and Prevertebral Ganglia
Function - All viscera

51
Q

S2 - S4 Pre, post locations and function

A

Pre - Intermediate Zone (Rexxed VII)
Post - Terminal Ganglia
Function - Urogenital Organs

52
Q

The Dorsal Longitudinal Fasciculus (DLF)

A

Relays pain control, extensive visceral information (solitary nucleus), plus hypothalamic paraventricular, periventricular and supraoptic nuclei.
It descends through the brainstem via the PAG

53
Q

The Middle Forebrain Bundle (MFB)

A

The MFB relays inputs from the prefrontal limbic, striatum, and lateral hypothalamus. MFB axons are directed in the dorsolateral tegmentum of the brainstem to synpase with RF neurons and cranial preganglionic parasympathetic neurons.

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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