the brain- breedlove Flashcards
Sagittal plane
Divide in left and right halve
Coronal plane
Divide in front and back
Horizontal plane
Divide in upper and lower part
Anterior/ Rostral
towards snout
Posterior/ Caudal
towards tail
Dorsal
towards top of head or Back
Ventral
towards bottom of head or Belly
Forebrain
telencephalon (cereberal hemispheres)
Diencephalon
Telencephalon ( cereberal hemispheres)
Isocortex (neocortex), Basal ganglia, limbic system
Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Hindbrain
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon
Crebellum
Pons
CNS
Brain + Spinal cord
Basal ganglia
Caudate Nucleus + Putamen+ Globus pallidus+
=> involved in motor control, faciliate movement that is required and appropriate & inhibit unwanted behaviour
Ventricles
lateral ventricles, third ventricles, cereberal adquaduct, fourth ventricel, central canal
Thalamus
Cluster of nuclei, entering point of all sensory information
sends information to the somatosensory cortex and is involved in motor functions
receives information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum and sends it to the motor cortex
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Function Motor coordination & Control, integration of sensory and motor functions, learning
pons
Motor control and sensory nuclei i.e. cranial nerve nuclei (entry point for information from the ear)
medulla
- Transition from brainstem to spinal cord
- Nuclei of cranial nerves XI and XII- control neck & tongue muscles
- End point of reticular formation
- Controls vital functions such as breathing
Ventricles/ Ventricular system, fluid filled
- Functions: (1) Shock absorber, (2) Medium for exchange of materials
Lateral Ventricles
Extent to all four lobes
Gyrus
a ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface
Sulcus
a furrow of a convoluted brain surface
Sylvian fissure
demarcates the temporal lobe
Central sulcus
divides frontal from parietal lobe
Precentral gyrus
motor control (map)
Postcentral gyrus
touch
White matter
a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths
Grey matter
areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and do not include myelin
Lateral
toward the side
Ipsilateral
same side of the body
Contralateral
opposite side of the body
Afferent
carries information into regions we are interested in
Efferent
carries information away from the region of interest
Myelencephalon
medulla
Limbic system
A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network that is involved in emotion and learning
a) amygdala – emotion regulation (temporal lobe)
b) Hippocampus (medial temporal lobe)
c) Fornix
d) Cingulate gyrus – direction of attention
e) Olfactory bulb – smelling
f) Mammillary bodies and hypothalamus – found in the diencephalon
Cingulate gyrus
direction of attention
olfactory bulb
smelling
The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by meninges
- Dura mater – outermost sheet
- Pia mater – innermost sheet which adheres to the brain surface
- Arachnoid – middle membrane which is ‘spiderweb-like
Space within the arachnoid is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (fills the cerebral ventricles) CSF
