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practical neuroanatomy > the brain- breedlove > Flashcards

the brain- breedlove Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divide in left and right halve

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2
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divide in front and back

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3
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Divide in upper and lower part

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4
Q

Anterior/ Rostral

A

towards snout

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5
Q

Posterior/ Caudal

A

towards tail

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6
Q

Dorsal

A

towards top of head or Back

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7
Q

Ventral

A

towards bottom of head or Belly

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8
Q

Forebrain

A

telencephalon (cereberal hemispheres)

Diencephalon

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9
Q

Telencephalon ( cereberal hemispheres)

A

Isocortex (neocortex), Basal ganglia, limbic system

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10
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Hindbrain

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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12
Q

Metencephalon

A

Crebellum

Pons

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13
Q

CNS

A

Brain + Spinal cord

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14
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Caudate Nucleus + Putamen+ Globus pallidus+

=> involved in motor control, faciliate movement that is required and appropriate & inhibit unwanted behaviour

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15
Q

Ventricles

A

lateral ventricles, third ventricles, cereberal adquaduct, fourth ventricel, central canal

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16
Q

Thalamus

A

Cluster of nuclei, entering point of all sensory information
sends information to the somatosensory cortex and is involved in motor functions

receives information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum and sends it to the motor cortex

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17
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

Cerebellum

A

Function Motor coordination & Control, integration of sensory and motor functions, learning

19
Q

pons

A

Motor control and sensory nuclei i.e. cranial nerve nuclei (entry point for information from the ear)

20
Q

medulla

A
  • Transition from brainstem to spinal cord
  • Nuclei of cranial nerves XI and XII- control neck & tongue muscles
  • End point of reticular formation
  • Controls vital functions such as breathing
21
Q

Ventricles/ Ventricular system, fluid filled

A
  • Functions: (1) Shock absorber, (2) Medium for exchange of materials
22
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Extent to all four lobes

23
Q

Gyrus

A

a ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface

24
Q

Sulcus

A

a furrow of a convoluted brain surface

25
Q

Sylvian fissure

A

demarcates the temporal lobe

26
Q

Central sulcus

A

divides frontal from parietal lobe

27
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

motor control (map)

28
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

touch

29
Q

White matter

A

a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths

30
Q

Grey matter

A

areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and do not include myelin

31
Q

Lateral

A

toward the side

32
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

33
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side of the body

34
Q

Afferent

A

carries information into regions we are interested in

35
Q

Efferent

A

carries information away from the region of interest

36
Q

Myelencephalon

A

medulla

37
Q

Limbic system

A

A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network that is involved in emotion and learning

a) amygdala – emotion regulation (temporal lobe)
b) Hippocampus (medial temporal lobe)
c) Fornix
d) Cingulate gyrus – direction of attention
e) Olfactory bulb – smelling
f) Mammillary bodies and hypothalamus – found in the diencephalon

38
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

direction of attention

39
Q

olfactory bulb

A

smelling

40
Q

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by meninges

A
  1. Dura mater – outermost sheet
  2. Pia mater – innermost sheet which adheres to the brain surface
  3. Arachnoid – middle membrane which is ‘spiderweb-like
     Space within the arachnoid is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (fills the cerebral ventricles) CSF

practical neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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