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ANATOMY > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

The best way to see the corpus callosum of the brain is by looking at a(n) __________ view.

A

sagittal

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2
Q

The thalamus and fornix are located within the __________ ventricle.

A

third

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3
Q

What structure is involved in the control of thirst?

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the brainstem?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

Which brain structure consists of the caudate nucleus and putamen?

A

cerebrum

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6
Q

The thalamus is located in the __________.

A

diencephalon

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7
Q

The midbrain (mesencephalon) is located between which two structures of the brain?

A

thalamus and pons

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8
Q

What consists of respiratory centers and cardiac centers?

A

brainstem

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9
Q

The fourth ventricle is located between which two structures of the brain?

A

cerebellum and pons

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10
Q

The infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the __________.

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

The ridges that are found on the brain are called __________.

A

gyri

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12
Q

The basal ganglia are clusters of __________ within the brain.

A

gray matter

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13
Q

The pineal gland is located along the posterior wall of the __________.

A

third ventricle

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14
Q

Which structures produces a hormone called melatonin?

A

pineal gland

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15
Q

Which structures produces a hormone called antidiuretic hormone that is involved in preventing dehydration?

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

How many lateral ventricles are there?

A

2

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17
Q

Which structures are involved in keeping us alert?

A

reticular activating system of the brain stem

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18
Q

The cranial nerves are part of which of the following portions of the nervous system?

A

peripheral nervous system

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19
Q

The spinal nerves that branch off the spinal cord are part of which portion of the nervous system?

A

peripheral

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20
Q

Which portions of the nervous system are involved in increasing the heart rate?

A

sympathetic

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21
Q

Which of the following portions of the nervous system are involved in controlling the activities of glands?

A

autonomic

22
Q

There are four ventricles of the brain consisting of fluid that flows from one ventricle to the other. What correctly describes the flow of fluid from one ventricle to the next?

A

(CSF) fluid in the lateral ventricles(Cerebral hemispheres) flow through the interventricular foramen to the third ventricle (Diencephalon) , then through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle (brain stem and the cerebellum), then in and around the spinal cord

23
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the __________.

A

ependymal cells of the choroid plexus

24
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid serves several functions. One of the functions is to pick up waste products from the CNS. The CSF then transports the waste to the venous system so the body can ultimately get rid of the waste. How does the CSF transport waste to the venous system?

A

through the arachnoid villi

25
Q

The meninges cover the __________.

A

brain and spinal cord

26
Q

What is the correct sequence of the layers of meningeal membranes beginning with the brain and going to the skull?

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater (spaces is also the last covering)

27
Q

Associated with the anterior fontanel of a newborn, the parietal and frontal bones are separated. There is a membrane covering the “exposed” area that one can feel if one touches the fontanel area lightly. This membrane would be the __________ mater.

A

dura

28
Q

What substance can most easily pass through the blood‐brain barrier?

A

caffeine

29
Q

There are several reasons why the capillaries of the brain are not as permeable as the other capillaries of the body. One of the reasons is the fact that the capillaries of the brain have __________ while the capillaries of the rest of the body do not.

A

a basal lamina

30
Q

This is the posterior part of the brain that connects with the spinal cord. it plays an important role in cardiac and respiratory function.

A

Brainstem

31
Q

This piece of anatomy is the lower half of the brainstem. It deals with the involuntary functions of breathing, heart beat and blood pressure.

A

medulla oblongata

32
Q

This part of the brain links the nervous and endocrine system through the pituitary gland. it controls the function of hunger, thirst, body temperature and
sleep (Homeostasis)

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

This part of the brain contributes to coordination and fine motor activity

A

cerebellum

34
Q

The LARGEST part of the brain which is divided into left and right hemispheres is the……

A

cerebrum

35
Q

What level of the brain stem is the major input to the cerebellum ?

A

Pons

36
Q

Brodmann’s areas map different regions of the …………… to particular functions.

A

Cerebral Cortex

37
Q

What condition causes a stroke?

A

disruption of blood to the brain.

38
Q

What are the three dural extensions of brain?

A

Falx Cerebri: Separate the two cerebral hemispheres.

Falx Cerebelli: Separate the two cerebellar hemispheres.

Tentorium Cerebelli: Separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

39
Q

What are the two components of Blood-Brain barrier and one significance.

A

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries carry blood to the brain.

Internal jugular veins return blood from the brain.

Helps in limiting what passes out of blood into brain tissue (example: glucose, CO2, proteins, etc).

40
Q

What is the function of the RAS?

A

RAS helps to maintain consciousness and is responsible for the brain’s overall state of arousal and filters out insignificant stimuli.

(It stimulates the cortex after receiving stimuli from senses).

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Thalamus and what is its role?

A

It is the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.
Its main role is for memory and awareness of emotional state; is part of the limbic system.

42
Q

What is the Epithalamus?

A

Small region superior to the thalamus.

43
Q

What does the Epithalamus consist of?

A

Pineal gland which secretes a hormone called Melatonin (Melatonin induces sleep).

44
Q

What does the Epithalamus contain?

A

contains habenular nuclei (involved in olfaction, especially emotional responses to odors).

45
Q

What are the three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere that make up the basal ganglia?

A

Globus Pallidus, Putamen and Caudate Nucleus.

(BASAL NUCLEI help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone).

46
Q

What are three sections to the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter and gray matter nuclei (basal nuclei).

Cerebrum provides us with the ability to process input from the five senses and to read, write, speak.

47
Q

What are the three tracts of the cerebral white matter?

A

Commissural, Association and Projection tracts

48
Q

Define gyri.

A

The cerebral cortex rolls and folds upon itself so that it can fit into the cranial cavity.

49
Q

Define fissures

A

The deep grooves between folds of the cranial cavity.

50
Q

Define Sulci

A

The shallow grooves between folds of the cranial cavity.

51
Q

Define longitudinal fissure

A

It separates the cerebrum into right and left halves called cerebral hemispheres.

52
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe.

ANATOMY (4 decks)

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