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Biological Psychology > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

A
  • Right side of body
  • speech, language
  • Analysis and calculations
  • Time and sequences
  • Recognition of words, letters, numbers
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3
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

A
  • Left side of body
  • Creativity
  • Spatial ability
  • Context
  • Recognition of faces, places. objects
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4
Q

function of frontal lobe

A
  • processing sensory input into visual memories
  • impulsivity
  • emotion association
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5
Q

function of parietal lobe

A
  • language processing
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6
Q

function of occipital lobe

A
  • visual processing centre
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7
Q

function of temporal lobe

A
  • memory making
  • motivation
  • attention
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8
Q

function of cerebellum

A
  • motor control
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9
Q

Function of cerebral cortex

A
  • stores information
  • problem solving
  • decision making
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10
Q

function of corpus callosum

A
  • connect the two hemispheres

- communication between two hemispheres

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11
Q

function of thalamus

A
  • passes information from the senses
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12
Q

function of hypothalamus

A
  • regulates eating and drinking

- release of sex hormones

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13
Q

function of amygdala

A
  • primary role in memory
  • decision making
  • emotional reactions
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14
Q

function of hippocampus

A
  • spatial awareness

- navigation

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15
Q

What are PET scans?

A
  • Positron emission tomography
  • 3D image of functional processes
  • inject radioactive traces
  • see where most blood is flowing
  • different levels of activity are colour coded
  • scanned in two conditions: active and innactive
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16
Q

What are CAT scans?

A
  • computerised axial tomography
  • computer processed combinations of many x-rays from different angles to produce cross section
  • digital geometry used to generate 3D image of inside of object
17
Q

What are fMRI scans?

A
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • using same technology as MRI, use strong magnetic field and radio waves
  • looks at blood flow
  • oxygen rich blood differs in colour and texture
18
Q

Research using brain scanning techniques

A
  • Raine et al

- Montag et al (used fMRI scans to see effect of violent video games on brain activity

19
Q

Evaluation of brain scanning

A

Validity- low ecological - lab - disadvantage
individual differences - high - can identify differences between individuals - advantage
Reliability - high - controlled variables - advantage
Reductionism - social interactions influencing aggression - disadvantage

20
Q

Raine et al 1997: Aim

A
  • Participants pleading guilty for NGRI will show dysfunction in areas of the brain associated with violence
21
Q

Raine et al 1997 : sample

A
  • 41 murders (39m, 2f) pleading NGRI, mean age 31.3, free of medication two weeks prior
  • 41 people (39m, 2f) matched with experimental group, mean age 31.7
22
Q

Raine et al 1997 : Procedure

A
  • consented to take part
  • sequence of blurred numbers which they had to focus on for 10 minutes
  • injected FDG tracer
  • another 32 completing CPT task
  • PET scan
23
Q

Raine et al 1997: Results

A
  • lower glucose metabolism in prefrontal cortex (responsible for self control)
  • lower glucose metabolism in parietal areas ( linked to underachievement)
  • assymetrical glucose metabolism in amygdala
24
Q

Raine et al 1997 : conclusion

A
  • support idea that aggression and violence may have biological cause
  • limbic system including hippocampus and amygdala explain why criminals may not be able to learn from consequences of their actions
25
Q

Evalutation of Raine et al

A

Generalisability - low - small sample - not reflective of all murders - disadvantage
Validity - low - lab conditions , task - disadvantage
controls - high - medication free - high controls - advantage
scientific - high - used PET scans - reliable - advantage

Biological Psychology (7 decks)

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