The Brain Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the brain and what is its function
Parietal- pressure and touch
occipital-visual information
frontal- thinking, personality and decision making
temporal-hearing and understanding speech
What does the left side of the brain control
Controls the right side of the body, speaking, writing, logical thought, algebra and science
What does the right side of the brain control
Controls the left side of the body, pattern recognition, puzzle solving, map reading,art, music and creativity
What makes up the central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
Label the brain
Corpus callosum Hypothalamus Amygdala Brain stem Cerebellum Pineal gland Hippocampus Thalamus Cerebral cortex
What are sensory neurons
Carry messages from sense organs to CNS
What are motor neurons
Carry messages from CNs to the body(limbs to organs)
What are interneurones
Found only in CNS connect motor and sensory neurons
What does brain neuroplasticty mean
It’s reshaping/re writing itself continually
Mouldable networks
What is sensory memory
Information from our sense eg smell, touch, taste
What is short term memory
More limited memory
Longer last then sensory memory eg phone numbers
What is long term memory
Stores information for long periods (provided we use it)
Eg riding a bike or our maths times tables
Way to remember neurotransmitters
D-dopamine A-acetylcholine N-noradrenalin G-GABA S-serotonin
What is GABA
Motor control and anxiety
What is dopamine
Voluntary movement, learning and feeling of pleasure
What is acetylcholine
Memory consolidation in hippocampus
What is noradrenalin
Experience of emotions
What is serotonin
Sleep and emotions
Label neurons
Nucleus Dendrites Myelin sheath Node of ranvier Synapse Synaptic terminals Axon Cell body
Define fontanelles
Soft spots on baby’s head before brain plates fuse together in first year of life.
What is a fontanelle
A soft spot on the head that babies have because their head hasn’t fully formed yet
The part of the brain involved in logical thinking is…
The left side of the brain
What function is the frontal lobe
Thinking, personality and decision making
What does PNS stand for
Peripheral nervous system
What order does the message travel along a neuron
Dedrites, cell body, axon, synaptic terminals, synapse
What order does the message travel along a neuron
Dedrites, cell body, axon, synaptic terminals, synapse
Neurons receive messages from the previous and neighbouring neurons via…
The soma will determine if the message is strong enough to send a message to the axon
What is the CNS made up of
Brain and spinal cord
What does the central nervous system do
Controls functions of the body and mind
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
What does the PNS do?
Controls the nerves that carries instructions from your Brian to limbs
What occurs at the synapse
A tiny gap between neurons where it triggers the neuron to release a chemical neurotransmitter so it can move across the gap
How can dendritic connections be strengthened or increased ?
A stimulated mind can help grow more dendrites
What damage occurred to Phineas Gage?
An iron rod speared his head and damaged his frontal lobe. His personality and emotions were effected
Use it or lose it’ how does it apply to the brain?
If we keep our brain challenged and stimulated, then we will be less likely affected by the symptoms of dementia as we age
Corpus callosum
The thick band of nerve fibres connecting the left and right brain hemispheres
What does CFS stand for and what is it
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
Physical fatigue and tiered
What are phantom limbs
sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts. They can feel itching, tickling and even pain where the limb used to be
What is melatonin
Produced by the pineal gland and regulates our sleep pattern
How can the number of dendrites in the brain be reduced?
By having an unstimulated mind, boredom and lack of social interaction
