The Brain

Question 1

Label:

Answer 1

Question 2

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 2

A thin layer of gray matter that forms the outermost part of the cerebrum

Question 3

Cerebrum

Answer 3

The cerebrum comprises the largest part of the brain. It lies in front or on top of thebrainstem. The cerebrum is a major part of the brain, controlling emotions, hearing, vision, personality and much more. It controls all voluntary actions.

Question 4

Corpus Callosum

Answer 4

A broad, flat bundle of axons that connect the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 5

What is a;
-Gyrus

• Sulcus
• Fissure

Answer 5

• Gyrus: a ridge in the cerebrum
• Sulcus: a groove in the cerebrum
• Fissure: a deep groove in the cerebrum

Question 6

What is the difference between grey and white matter?

Answer 6

Grey matter, which has a pinkish-grey color in the living brain, contains the cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals of neurons, so it is where all **synapses **are.

White matter is made of **axons **connecting different parts of grey matter to each other.

Question 7

What do sensory areas do?

Answer 7

Interpret impulses that arrive from sensory receptors, producing feelings or sensations.

Question 8

What is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 8

An area also known as the sensory speech area that receives and relays input from both the visual cortex and auditory cortex and is important for understanding written or spoken language

Question 9

What are the three **basal ganglia ** in each cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 9

1. caudate nucleus
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus

Question 10

Define nucleus

Answer 10

a brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neurons

Question 11

What are basal ganglia (nuclei)?

Answer 11

A group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement

Question 12

What are cerebral ventricles?

Answer 12

Interconnected cavities that lie within the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem. They are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contain cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Label:

Answer 13

Question 14

What are choroid plexi?

Answer 14

Small masses of specialised capillaries from the pia mater that secrete cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 15

Where does cerebrospinal fluid occupy in the brain?

Answer 15

The subarachnoid space

Question 16

Define encephalon

Answer 16

The brain of a vertebrate

Question 17

What structures are in the diencephalon?

Answer 17

• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• optic tracts
• optic chiasma
• infundibulum
• posterior pituitary gland
• mammillary bodies
• pineal gland

Question 18

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 18

Acts as a central relay station for sensory impulses ascending from other parts of the nervous system to the cerebral cortex. It receives all sensory impulses (except smell) and channels the to the appropriate regions of the cortex for interpretation.

Produces general awareness of certain sensations, such as pain, touch and temperature.

Question 19

What does the **hypothalamus **regulate?

Answer 19

• heart rate and arterial blood pressure
• body temperature
• water and electrolyte balance
• control of hunger and body weight
• control of movements and glandular secretions of the stomach and intestines
• production of neurosecretory substances that stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete hormones
• sleep and wakefulness

Question 20

What is the limbic system?

Answer 20

A complex set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum that control emotional experiences and expression.

Question 21

What is the brainstem?

Answer 21

A bundle of nervous tissue that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.

Question 22

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 22

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 23

What is the midbrain?

Answer 23

Part of the brainstem that lies between the diencephalon and the pons.

Includes masses of grey matter that serve as reflex centres.

Question 24

What is the pons?

Answer 24

A rounded bulge on the underside of the brainstem, where it seperates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata.

Question 25

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 25

Part of the brainstem that extends from the pons to the foramen magnum of the skull. Its dorsal surface flattens out to form the floor of the fourth ventricle.

Contains many nuclei and is the area where most corticospinal tracts cross over.

Question 26

What do the nuclei in the **medulla oblongata **control?

Answer 26

Several centres, including:

• Cardiac centre
• Vasomotor centre
  
  • vasoconstriction/vasodilation
• Respiratory centre
• Reflexes
  
  • coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting

Question 27

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 27

A set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem

Question 28

What is the main function of the reticular formation?

Answer 28

Controlling the body’s state of conciousness

Question 29

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 29

A large mass of tissue located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata.

It plays an important role in motor control.

Question 30

How does the cerebellum communicate with other parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 30

Through three pairs of nerve tracts called cerebral peduncles.

Question 31

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 31

Somatic and autonomic

Question 32

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 32

12

Question 33

Label:

Answer 33