The Brain

Question 1

True or false: human cognition is limited

Answer 1

True; we cannot do two things at once

Question 2

What is delivered to the brain through the blood

Answer 2

Oxygen and glucose

Question 3

What is the brain a large consumer of

Answer 3

Metabolites

Question 4

True or false: the brain is 15.66% of our total weight

Answer 4

False; it is only 2% of our total weight

Question 5

Metabolite

Answer 5

A substance necessary for a living organism to maintain lfie

Question 6

True or false: one neuron firing suppresses the firing of other nearby neurons

Answer 6

True; if two neurons are hooked up in an inhibitory way both fire, then neither can fire and vigorously as it would’ve

Question 7

Brain stem

Answer 7

Responsible for many neural functions; comprised of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and diencephalon

Question 8

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 8

Responsible for our cognitive abilities and conscious experiences; comprised of the cerebral cortex, white matter, and subcortical structures

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

The distinctive structure at the back of the brain that controls the motor functions

Question 10

Cerebral cortex

Answer 10

the outermost grey matter of the cerebrum

Question 11

Basal ganglia

Answer 11

Subcortical structures of the cerebral hemispheres involved in voluntary movement

Question 12

Limbic system

Answer 12

Includes the subcortical structures of the amygdala and hippocampal formation and some cortial structures responsible for aversion and gratification

Question 13

Contralateral

Answer 13

Opposite side; functions are processes in the opposite hemisphere

Question 14

Lateralized

Answer 14

To the side; specific functions reside in one hemisphere

Question 15

Grey matter

Answer 15

The outer greyish regions of the brain comprised of the neurons cell bodies

Question 16

White matter

Answer 16

The inner whitish regions of the cerebrum comprised of the myelinated axon of neuron

Question 17

What are cell bodies responsible for

Answer 17

Metabolism and synthesizing proteins

Question 18

Converging evidence

Answer 18

Similar findings reported from multiple studies using different methods

Question 19

Phrenology

Answer 19

Popular in the first half of the 19th century; correlates bumps and indentations of the skull with specific brain functions

Question 20

Spatial resolution

Answer 20

Refers to how small the elements of an image are; how small of a structure in the brain can be imaged

Question 21

Temporal resolution

Answer 21

Refers to how small a unit of time can be measured

Question 22

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

Answer 22

Detects changes in white or grey matter to be correlated with behavior

Question 23

Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)

Answer 23

a technique where a magnetic pulse is applied to the brain to show when events happened in the brain

Question 24

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)

Answer 24

Uses electrical current for a longer period of time than TMS to show when events happened in the brain

Question 25

Positron emission tomography(PET)

Answer 25

Records blood flow in the brain to demonstrate what areas were active during the brain during tasks

Question 26

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)

Answer 26

Relies on blood flow in the brain and measures changes in oxygen levels to demonstrate what areas were active during the brain during takss

Question 27

Electroencephalography(EEG)

Answer 27

Measures the electrical activity of the brain and has a higher temporal resolution than PET or fMRI

Question 28

Diffuse optical imaging(DOI)

Answer 28

Measures infrared light that comes out of the brain(when infrared is show through the brain) to detect changes in blood oxygen levels and active neurons