The Brain Flashcards
What does the hindbrain consist of?
- Medulla
- Midbrain
- Cerebellum
Medulla
Breathing, heart rate, blood circulation
Pons
Arousal and attention, facial expressions
Cerebellum
Fine motor movements and balance (NOT IN CHARGE OF MOVEMENTS)
Neuroplasticity
Other parts of the brain can take over functions of other parts of the brain
Transected FOREBRAIN (top, only hindbrain left)
*Cat flails around
*Cat cannot act
*NOT acting with a purpose
What does the midbrain do?
*Puts movements into acts (walk)
*Controls whole body responses (visual and auditory stimuli)
Superior Colliculus
VISUAL STIMULUS
*something moves in corner of your eye and you turn your head to see what it is
Substantia Nigra
Produces dopamine
Transected FOREBRAIN (midbrain and hindbrain left)
*Cat can act and put movement together
*Midbrain helps act (walk)
*Walk with no purpose
Thalamus
Sends sensory and motor information to the specific parts of the brain
Hypothalamus
*Controls responses to basic needs (motivation)
*FFFF (fight, flee, feed, fuck)
*Regulates temperature
Removing the hypothalamus of a rat will do what?
Keep eating; FAT
Basal Ganglia
Regulates muscle contractions for smooth, voluntary movements (pump the brakes)
Ex. Parkinson’s Disease
Limbic System
*Memory and emotion
*Classical conditioning
Hippocampus
MEMORY
*Missing hippocampus = not remembering why, but feeling emotion
Amygdala
EMOTION
*Missing amygdala = no emotion, but remember why they should feel emotion
Transected CORTEX (have all 3)
*Cat act and walks with a purpose
*Cat has goals
*Cat is CLUMSY bc no fine motor control from cortex
Unconditional Stimulus (US)
Stimulus that leads to an automatic response
Ex. Food
Unconditional Response
An automatic response to a stimulus
Ex. Salivate
Conditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that can trigger a conditional response
Ex. Bell
Conditioned Response
Behavior that is learned
Ex. Salivate
Parts of Cerebral Cortex
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for planning, social behavior, motor control
Parietal Lobe
TOUCH
Occipital Lobe
VISION
Temporal Lobe
HEARING & MEMORY
Corpus Callosum
*Connects left and right hemisphere of brain
*Communicates information to one another
*Hemispheres control opposite sides of body (contralateral)
Phineas Gage
*Iron struck FRONTAL LOBE
*Personality changed ?
Cortical Functions Left Hemisphere
LANGUAGE
*Broca’s Area
*Wernicke’s Area
Cortical Functions RIGHT Hemisphere
SPATIAL (space)
Prefrontal Damage
Lose ability to plan, no reasoning, sensitive to sensitive topic, cannot initiate actions
Apraxia
Inability to put movements in a certain sequence
Ex. How to tie shoe? How to brush teeth?
Agnosia
Don’t understand what you are perceiving (not knowing)
Auditory Agnosia
What sound am I hearing?
Visual Agnosia
What are my feet? Are my shoes my feet?
Neglect
Damage to the RIGHT parietal lobe leads to neglect left LEFT side of EVERYTHING
Broca’s Aphasia
*Left hemisphere damage
*BROKEN SPEECH
*Can comprehend what people say and what you are trying to say
*FRONTAL LOBE
Wernicke’s Aphasia
*Left hemisphere damage
*Cannot comprehend speech; what is being said to me?
*Can produce speech but it makes NO SENSE
*TEMPORAL LONE
