The Brain

Question 1

What does the hindbrain consist of?

Answer 1

1. Medulla
2. Midbrain
3. Cerebellum

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

Breathing, heart rate, blood circulation

Question 3

Pons

Answer 3

Arousal and attention, facial expressions

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Fine motor movements and balance (NOT IN CHARGE OF MOVEMENTS)

Question 5

Neuroplasticity

Answer 5

Other parts of the brain can take over functions of other parts of the brain

Question 6

Transected FOREBRAIN (top, only hindbrain left)

Answer 6

*Cat flails around
*Cat cannot act
*NOT acting with a purpose

Question 7

What does the midbrain do?

Answer 7

*Puts movements into acts (walk)
*Controls whole body responses (visual and auditory stimuli)

Question 8

Superior Colliculus

Answer 8

VISUAL STIMULUS
*something moves in corner of your eye and you turn your head to see what it is

Question 9

Substantia Nigra

Answer 9

Produces dopamine

Question 10

Transected FOREBRAIN (midbrain and hindbrain left)

Answer 10

*Cat can act and put movement together
*Midbrain helps act (walk)
*Walk with no purpose

Question 11

Thalamus

Answer 11

Sends sensory and motor information to the specific parts of the brain

Question 12

Hypothalamus

Answer 12

*Controls responses to basic needs (motivation)
*FFFF (fight, flee, feed, fuck)
*Regulates temperature

Question 13

Removing the hypothalamus of a rat will do what?

Answer 13

Keep eating; FAT

Question 14

Basal Ganglia

Answer 14

Regulates muscle contractions for smooth, voluntary movements (pump the brakes)

Ex. Parkinson’s Disease

Question 15

Limbic System

Answer 15

*Memory and emotion
*Classical conditioning

Question 16

Hippocampus

Answer 16

MEMORY
*Missing hippocampus = not remembering why, but feeling emotion

Question 17

Amygdala

Answer 17

EMOTION
*Missing amygdala = no emotion, but remember why they should feel emotion

Question 18

Transected CORTEX (have all 3)

Answer 18

*Cat act and walks with a purpose
*Cat has goals
*Cat is CLUMSY bc no fine motor control from cortex

Question 19

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

Answer 19

Stimulus that leads to an automatic response

Ex. Food

Question 20

Unconditional Response

Answer 20

An automatic response to a stimulus

Ex. Salivate

Question 21

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 21

Stimulus that can trigger a conditional response

Ex. Bell

Question 22

Conditioned Response

Answer 22

Behavior that is learned

Ex. Salivate

Question 23

Parts of Cerebral Cortex

Answer 23

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Parietal Lobe
3. Occipital Lobe
4. Temporal Lobe

Question 24

Frontal Lobe

Answer 24

Responsible for planning, social behavior, motor control

Question 25

Parietal Lobe

Answer 25

TOUCH

Question 26

Occipital Lobe

Answer 26

VISION

Question 27

Temporal Lobe

Answer 27

HEARING & MEMORY

Question 28

Corpus Callosum

Answer 28

*Connects left and right hemisphere of brain *Communicates information to one another *Hemispheres control opposite sides of body (contralateral)

Question 29

Phineas Gage

Answer 29

*Iron struck FRONTAL LOBE *Personality changed ?

Question 30

Cortical Functions Left Hemisphere

Answer 30

LANGUAGE *Broca’s Area *Wernicke’s Area

Question 31

Cortical Functions RIGHT Hemisphere

Answer 31

SPATIAL (space)

Question 32

Prefrontal Damage

Answer 32

Lose ability to plan, no reasoning, sensitive to sensitive topic, cannot initiate actions

Question 33

Apraxia

Answer 33

Inability to put movements in a certain sequence Ex. How to tie shoe? How to brush teeth?

Question 34

Agnosia

Answer 34

Don’t understand what you are perceiving (not knowing)

Question 35

Auditory Agnosia

Answer 35

What sound am I hearing?

Question 36

Visual Agnosia

Answer 36

What are my feet? Are my shoes my feet?

Question 37

Neglect

Answer 37

Damage to the RIGHT parietal lobe leads to neglect left LEFT side of EVERYTHING

Question 38

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 38

*Left hemisphere damage *BROKEN SPEECH *Can comprehend what people say and what you are trying to say *FRONTAL LOBE

Question 39

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 39

*Left hemisphere damage *Cannot comprehend speech; what is being said to me? *Can produce speech but it makes NO SENSE *TEMPORAL LONE