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Psych 1100 > Midterm Exam Part 1 > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1 Definition of Psychology

A

The science of mind and behavior

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2
Q

2 Definition of Psychology

A

The science of experimental epistemology (theory of knowledge)

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3
Q

3 Definition of Psychology

A

The science of knowing and experiencing

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4
Q

4 Definition of Psychology

A

The science of things that move around on their own

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5
Q

What 3 sciences did definition #1 (the science of mind and behavior) consist of?

A
  1. Structuralism
  2. Behaviorism
  3. Cognitivism
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6
Q

What year was structuralism founded? What does it mean?

A

1879; science of the mind, looks for elements of thought

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7
Q

Who founded structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt; first lab for psychology
Taught Titchner who had the idea of structuralism
Coordinated structuralism with the idea of science of the mind

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8
Q

What did Titchner believe?

A

Thoughts had images connected to them

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9
Q

Who founded behaviorism?

A

John Watson 1913

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10
Q

What does behaviorism look at?

A

It looks at psychology as an observable science; looks at data objectively

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11
Q

Who founded cognitivism and in what year?

A

Ulric Neisser 1967

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12
Q

What does cognitivism look at?

A

Mind and behavior; attention, perception, language, memory (COMPUTERS INPUT & OUTPUT)

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13
Q

Where do you get knowledge from? NATIVISM VIEWPOINT

A

Nature; you are born with the knowledge (INNATE)

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14
Q

Where do you get knowledge from? EMPIRICISM VIEWPOINT

A

Nurture; knowledge comes from experience; born with a clean slate TABULA RASA

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15
Q

How do you learn your knowledge? RATIONALISM VIEWPOINT

A

Learn by thinking about things and making inferences; manipulation of concepts and ideas

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16
Q

How do you learn your knowledge? ASSOCIATIONISM

A

Connect experiences together

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17
Q

How is our mind and physical body related and how do they interact? DUALISM VIEWPOINT

A

There are 2 kind of stuff that make up the universe and they interact; the physical body AND the non-physical (mind, soul, thoughts)

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18
Q

How is our mind and physical body related and how do they interact? MATERIALISM VIEWPOINT

A

Everything is made up in the world is physical; a THOUGHT is part of the PHYSICAL world; electrical signal = physical, thoughts = electrical signals

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19
Q

The movement of things and why things happen was ORIGINALLY focused on what sciences?

A

Physics = matter and motion
And
Biology

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20
Q

What does physics and biology NOT account for?

A

Animate motion (movement without applying anything to it); things moving around on their own

Ex. Jumping and stepping to the side is a BEHAVIOR

21
Q

Psychology accounts for the ANIMATE motion

A

Things that move around on their own; humans, dogs chimps, bacteria, NOT rocks

22
Q

Things that move on their own

A

Make up psychology, have goals, have knowledge of success of goals, perception, learn environment, have memories; LOCOMOTION

23
Q

A reflex occurs without what?

A

Thought from the frontal cortex

24
Q

The INITIAL signal of a reflex triggers where?

A

BACK; spinal cord SENSORY

25
Q

The FINAL signal of a reflex comes out where?

A

FRONT; to the muscle MOTOR

26
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Contains the nucleus

27
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive input from the previous neuron (presynaptic neuron)

28
Q

Axon

A

Sends the signal AWAY from cell body to the next neuron (post synaptic neuron)

29
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty material that insulates the axon for the information to pass FASTER & EFFICIENTLY

30
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath (exchange of ions)

31
Q

Axon terminals

A

Where the neuron connects to another neuron to send signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS)

32
Q

Synapse

A

Gap in between the first neuron and the second neuron (signal jumps across)

33
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

*Autoimmune disorder where the nervous system treats myelin sheath as foreign & attacks it
*Not many action potentials fire correctly
*Signals have harder time traveling or even happening
*Hard for someone to walk or see; MUSCLE WEAKNESS

34
Q

Resting state of neuron

A

*Resting state = -70mV
*Na+ ions are OUTSIDE the neuron
*More NEGATIVE ions INSIDE the neuron and more POSITIVE ions OUTSIDE the neuron
*Makes it more NEGATIVE inside neuron than outside

35
Q

Neuron is stimulated by other neuron (neurotransmitters)

A

*Na+ ions slowly go inside neuron
*-70mV goes up to -55mV
*-55mV threshold allows AP to happen

36
Q

Depolarization occurs (neuron becomes more POSITIVE)

A

*Na+ gates are opened once the threshold is reached and Na+ rushes into neuron
*More positive neuron = +40mV
*AP is fired

37
Q

Repolarization/hyperpolarization

A

*Potassium K+ ions flood OUT the neuron because too positive
*Neuron becomes more negative
*Overshoots resting state

38
Q

Back to resting state

A

*Sodium potassium pumps push K+ back into the neuron and Na+ back out of the neuron
*More Na+ outside the cell making it POSITIVE outside the cell
*Less K+ inside the cell making it more NEGATIVE
*-70mV resting potential

39
Q

Action potential travels down the axon at what speed?

A

50 - 100 m/sec

40
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron

41
Q

Neurotransmitters are the KEY

A

Vesicles hold neurotransmitters and release them

42
Q

Receptor molecules are the LOCK

A

Located in dendrites of postsynaptic neuron; key opens lock and now Na+ comes into neuron

43
Q

What do SSRIs do?

A

*Drug that stops reuptake of serotonin
*Keeps serotonin in the synapse to have more serotonin to use

44
Q

What was Charles Sherrington experiment in discovering the synapse?

A

*Dog experiment
*Scratch dog in area, stop responding bc of inhibition, snips spinal column, no more inhibition

45
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of what?

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

46
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System consists of what?

A

*Somatic Nervous System (muscles, senses = voluntary)
*Autonomic Nervous System (vital functions = involuntary)
*sympatheic NS
*Parasympathetic NS

47
Q

Examples of sympathetic NS (Autonomic NS)

A

Fight or flight, emergency state (car crash), energy, increased heart rate

48
Q

Examples of the Parasympathetic NS (Autonomic NS)

A

Calm state, rest & digest, slower heart rate

Psych 1100 (2 decks)

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