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HISTORY: America 1920-73 > The Boom > Flashcards

The Boom Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was there a boom in the 1920s? (6)

A 
WW1
Mass production
Advertising
Consumer society
Hire purchase
Shares
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2
Q

Why did WW1 cause a boom in america? (4)

A

USA stayed out of war for 1st 2 years
loaned money to the allies (= huge interest)
US firms sold weapons + made profits
there was less competition for American manufacturers

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3
Q

Why did mass production cause a boom in america? (3)

A

Production was cheaper + quicker - made way more profit
Created loads of jobs
Made goods cheaper - more people could buy them

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4
Q

Why did advertising cause a boom in america? (2)

A

Raised awareness

Increased demand

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5
Q

Why did the consumer society cause a boom in america? (2)

A

led to huge demand

Created jobs in the factories

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6
Q

Why did hire purchase cause a boom in america?

A

People could buy more - increased amount sold

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7
Q

Why did shares cause a boom in america? (3)

A

Shareholders made money which they could spend on goods
Increased investment in industry
More goods made

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8
Q

How many years did the USA stay out of WW1?

A

2 years

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9
Q

What kinds of advertising was used in the 1920s? (5)

A 
Posters
Billboards
Newspapers
Magazines
Radio
Etc.
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10
Q

What is hire purchase? (Phrase)

A

Buy now, pay later

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11
Q

What fraction of radios and cars were bought on credit?

A

8/10 radios

6/10 cars

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12
Q

What were the 3 republican policies?

A

Laissez faire
Tariffs
Low taxation

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13
Q

What is laissez faire?

A

Government shouldn’t interfere in people’s lives

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14
Q

How did laissez faire encourage a boom? (2)

A

Big businesses free to expand + make jobs

They could make profits and invest in industry

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15
Q

How did tariffs encourage a boom?

A

Made foreign goods more expensive so people bought more American goods
- helped industry to thrive

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16
Q

How did low taxation encourage a boom?

A

People had more money left to spend, which helped industrial growth

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17
Q

How many types of car did Ford produce?

A

1

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18
Q

What was Ford’s only car model? (2)

A

Model T

- mass produced with one engine size + one colour

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19
Q

How did Ford keep costs low? (2)

A

Only 1 type or car

Used assembly line + conveyer belt to speed up production

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20
Q

What was the price of the Ford Model T in 1911?

A

$800

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21
Q

What was the price of the Ford Model T in 1928?

A

$295

22
Q

How many people bought Model T Fords between 1911 and 1928?

A

15 million people

23
Q

What other industries did Ford and the motor industry benefit? (5)

A

Steel, leather and paint industries
Jobs in both car factories and factories that supplied the materials
Huge number of jobs in building roads, oil refineries, petrol stations, hotels + garages
New truck industry
Boosted house building in suburbs

24
Q

What was the single biggest employer in the 1920s?

A

Road construction

25
Q

By 1929, how many trucks were there on the roads?

A

3.5 million

26
Q

How were farmers affected by the boom? (3)

A

Produced a surplus + couldn’t sell them so prices fell
Had to borrow money to survive
Got into debt until had to sell farms and leave

27
Q

In 1928, how many farmers were living in poverty? (fraction)

A

1/2 of all US farmers

28
Q

How many farmers lost their farms in 1924?

A

600,000

29
Q

Coal industry during the boom (2)

A

Prices fell + thousands made redundant

Industry produced too much + not enough people / countries wanted to buy it

30
Q

Ship building industry during the boom

A

Thousands made redundant due to reduction in demand for new ships

31
Q

Cotton industry during the boom (2)

A

Cotton works laid off because it was cheaper to produce synthetic fibres, e.g. rayon
Possible to produce rayon in factories with fewer workers

32
Q

Native Americans during boom (3) (benefit?, land, life)

A

Didn’t benefit
Land had been seized by mining companies
Traditional way of life disappeared when forced to live in reservation areas

33
Q

Immigrants during boom (2) (number, struggles)

A

Limits of number of immigrants

Faced prejudice and discrimination

34
Q

Women during boom (3) (single, housewives, general)

A

Single women - attitudes changed, more employed, more independent
Housewives - new inventions made chores easier
Women still inferior to men

35
Q

How many millionaires were there in America in 1927?

A

15000 US millionaires

36
Q

What percentage of money did the richest 5% earn?

A

33% of all the money in America

37
Q

In 1926, how many people had an annual income of over $1 mil? (Compared to in 1921)

A

207

Compared to 21 in 1921

38
Q

How many families had an average income of less than $1000 a year?

A

6 million

39
Q

What percentage of Americans lived below the poverty line in 1929?

A

60%

40
Q

Popularity of sport in the 1920s (2) (organised sport, broadcasting)

A

Organised sport developed + stadiums such as Yankee Stadium (1923) were built
Events could be broadcast live across USA on radio - generated huge enthusiasm

41
Q

How many people heard the coverage of the 1927 World Heavyweight Boxing title fight?

A

60 million

42
Q

Popularity of cinema in 1920s (1)

A

Introduction of Talkies in 1927 increased popularity

43
Q

How many Americans went to the cinema on a weekly basis in 1929 and 1927?

A

110 million in 1929

Just 60 million in 1927

44
Q

Hays Code (4) (when, what, why, example)

A

Drawn up 1930
Code of conduct by Hollywood to censor film industry because movies horrified many older/religious Americans
E.g. a kiss could last no longer than 7 metres of film

45
Q

Popularity of Jazz music in 1920s (5) (age, dance, popularity, race,)

A

Young people had had enough of parents’ old dances (waltz)
Jazz was more rhythmic + sexy + easy to dance to
Most popular music of 1920s
Music of the black people (whites exposed to this for first time - loved it)
Great opportunities for black musicians e.g. Louis Armstrong

46
Q

Women before WW1 (6) (appearance x 3, independence, jobs, activities)

A 
Expected to behave modestly + politely
Long dresses, restrictive clothing
Chaperone when they went out
Couldn’t smoke / take part in sport
Couldn’t wear make-up
Housewives / lower paid jobs
47
Q

Women after WW1 (new law, number working)

A

After significant contribution to war effort, 19th Amendment became law 1920, giving women right to vote
Increase of 25% in number of working women 1920s

48
Q

By 1929, how many women were working?

A

10.6 million

49
Q

Flappers (3) (who, where, actions)

A

Middle/upper class women
Towns + cities in northern states
Rebelled against aspects of women’s lives

50
Q

Appearance of flappers (3)

A

Short hair
Make-up
Flat front dress - loose for dancing

51
Q

Why were some women not affected by changes to women’s lives?

A

Poorer women couldn’t afford lifestyle of flappers

Women still paid less than men

HISTORY: America 1920-73 (6 decks)

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