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Driving Theory > The Book > Flashcards

The Book Flashcards

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1
Q

blind spot

A
  • the area behind you that you’re unable to see in mirror

- an area not visible to the driver

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2
Q

why do you stay well back of large vehicles?

A
  • so the driver can see you in their mirror
  • if you can’t see the mirrors, they can’t see you
  • you can see past them on either side
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3
Q

give way

A

junction ahead

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4
Q

circles

A

give orders

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5
Q

triangles

A

give warnings

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6
Q

rectangles

A

give information

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7
Q

when turning right onto a dual carriageway

A
  • check the central reservation is wide enough to stop in, incase you have to wait before joining traffic
  • if there isn’t, only emerge when it’s clear both to your right and left
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8
Q

dual carriageway

A

a road that has a central reservation to separate carriageways

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9
Q

central reservation

A

an area of land that separates opposing lanes of traffic

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10
Q

at 60mph, your vehicle will travel

A

27m in one second

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11
Q

what should you do before making a u-turn?

A

look over your shoulder for a final check

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12
Q

what should you do as you approach a bridge?

A

slow down

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13
Q

if there is no footpath

A

be aware of pedestrians on the road

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14
Q

when should you avoid overtaking?

A

approaching a dip in the road

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15
Q

a curved arrow on the road might mean

A
  • overtaking traffic should move in that direction

- the route that high vehicles should take under a low bridge

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16
Q

yellow line purpose

A

to make you aware of your speed

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17
Q

what should you do before stopping?

A

use the mirrors

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18
Q

use mirrors when you see a hazard ahead to…

A

… assess how your actions will affect the following traffic

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19
Q

when your waiting to turn but your view is obstructed…

A

… stop and then move forward slowly and carefully for a clear view

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20
Q

when turning you don’t want…

A

… to cause other road uses to change speed or direction as you emerge

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21
Q

lights purpose

A

so others can see you more clearly; increases your visibility

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22
Q

stopping in an emergency

A

keep both hands on the wheel

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23
Q

what should you do when moving off from behind a parked car

A

check both interior and exterior mirrors

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24
Q

why do cyclists need extra room?

A

in case they wobble or swerve around a pothole or raised drain

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25
Q

in narrow roads, be aware of…

A

… entrances to fields where tractors and other farm machinery could be waiting to pull out

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26
Q

you lose your way on a busy road, what’s the best action to take?

A

turn into a side road, stop and check a map

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27
Q

when do windscreen mirrors cause a serious obstruction to your view?

A
  • when you’re approaching bends and junctions

- when you’re view is obstructed by windscreen mirrors, be especially careful of motorcyclists

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28
Q

when reversing you might need to…

A

… ask someone to guide you

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29
Q

why are phones hazardous?

A

people won’t stop speaking to you, even when you’re approaching a hazard; it diverts your attention

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30
Q

how to use satellite navigation without distracting yourself

A

stop in a safe place before programming the system

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31
Q

always check the info on your medication

A

might cause drowsiness

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32
Q

when feeling drowsy, how do you make yourself stay alert in the short term

A

open the window

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33
Q

large vehicles overtaking you

A

require more time to pass; slow down

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34
Q

at night

A
  • dip your lights when you’re following or meeting another vehicle; don’t want to dazzle other drivers
  • if you’re queueing, use your handbrake rather than your foot, as the brake lights could dazzle the drivers behind you
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35
Q

only flash your headlights to

A
  • show other road users you are there

- not for priority, impatience or greetings

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36
Q

if the road is blocked by animals…

A

… stop and switch off your engine until the road is clear

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37
Q

tailgating

A
  • driving too closely behind another vehicle
  • intimidating and distracting for the user in front
  • very dangerous; stopping suddenly creates hazards
  • you can see less of the road ahead
  • often the cause of rear-end collisions and multiple pile-ups
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38
Q

safety margin of

A
  • 2m

- larger with larger vehicles, because they need more room to manoeuvre

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39
Q

If the road user behind is following too closely

A
  • gradually slow down to increase the gap between you and the vehicle in front
  • reduces the chances you’ll have to stop suddenly; allows you to spread your breaking over a greater distance
  • defensive driving
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40
Q

giving priority to emergency vehicles

A
  • pull over as soon as it is safe

- check that there are no bollards or obstructions in the road that will prevent it from passing

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41
Q

emergency services =

A

blue flashing light

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42
Q

doctor’s vehicles =

A

green flashing light

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43
Q

give priority to:

A

buses that are pulling out from bus stops, as long as you can do so safely

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44
Q

at unmarked crossroads

A

no-one has priority

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45
Q

don’t encourage pedestrians to cross by waving or flashing at them with the headlights

A

there may be another vehicle coming

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46
Q

zebra crossing

A

pedestrian crossing

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47
Q

pelican crossing

A

if the amber light is flashing, give way to pedestrians already crossing

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48
Q

puffin crossing

A
  • electronically controlled
  • sensors ensure that the red light shows until the pedestrian has safely crossed the road
  • steady amber (rather than flashing)
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49
Q

toucan crossing

A

allow cyclists to cross at the same time as pedestrians

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50
Q

staying well back

A

gives you more time to react

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51
Q

minimum time gap following a vehicle on a wet road

A

4 seconds

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52
Q

who should obey the diamond-shaped traffic signs?

A

tram drivers

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53
Q

on a road where trams operate, which vehicle is most at risk from the tram rails?

A

cycles

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54
Q

tram rails are sometimes

A
  • slippery

- can cause vehicles to become stuck

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55
Q

using the horn

A
  • only to alert others of your presence

- mustn’t be used between 11.30pm to 7am in built-up area, or when you’re stationary

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56
Q

why do we take up the correct position early?

A

to help other road users know what you intend to do

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57
Q

if a vehicle is flashing its headlights, that may mean it is trying to

A

overtake

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58
Q

what to do when approaching unmarked crossroads

A
  • slow down and look both ways

- growing foliage may obscure your view

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59
Q

if a bus lane shows no times of operation, what does this mean?

A

the lane is in operation 24 hours a day

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60
Q

horses can be startled by

A

the sound of a car engine or the rush of air caused by a vehicle passing too closely

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61
Q

to avoid a horse

A

you may have to use the other side of the road

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62
Q

if you’re driving a slow-moving vehicle on a narrow, winding road, what should you do?

A

pull in when safe, to let following vehicles overtake

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63
Q

what does a loose filler cap on your diesel fuel tank cause?

A
  • can make the road slippery for others (especially if it is wet)
  • most likely to occur on bends, junctions and at roundabouts
  • called ‘diesel spillage’
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64
Q

what style of driving causes increased risk to everyone?

A

competitive

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65
Q

defensive driving

A

questioning the actions of other road users, being prepared for the unexpected

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66
Q

remember that an efficient engine

A

is kinder to the environment

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67
Q

what do you want to keep to a minimum?

A

exhaust emissions

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68
Q

what must you check are always working properly?

A
  • lights
  • brakes
  • steering
  • the exhaust system
  • seat belts
  • horn
  • speedometer
  • wipers
  • washers
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69
Q

the tread on car and trailer tyres must be at least

A

1.6mm deep across the central 3/4 of the breadth of the tyre and around the entire circumference

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70
Q

it’s illegal to drive with tyres that have

A

cuts or defects in the side walls

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71
Q

dry steering

A
  • when you turn the steering wheel while the car isn’t moving
  • can cause unnecessary wear to the tyres and the steering mechanism
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72
Q

to check the conditions of the shock absorbers

A

‘bounce’ the vehicle; push down hard over each wheel: there should be no more than one rebound when released

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73
Q

what is most important for a mechanic to check regularly?

A

brakes and steering

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74
Q

anti-lock braking system (ABS)

A
  • should go out when the car’s travelling at 5-10mph
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75
Q

‘brake fade’

A
  • when the brakes become less effective because of overheating
  • may happen if you use them continuously (long, steep, downhill)
  • use a lower gear to help control speed
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76
Q

balancing

A
  • making sure that the wheels and tyres are adjusted to minimise any vibrations in the vehicle
  • the wheels may need balancing if the steering vibrates
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77
Q

brakes may need adjusting if

A

the vehicle pulls to one side when braking

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78
Q

the driver is responsible for

A

making sure that children under 14 wear a suitable restraint

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79
Q

who must wear a seatbelt, unless exempt?

A

adults, children aged 12 or over, and children over 1.35m

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80
Q

children aged from 3 to 12, or less than 1.35m tall

A

must use a suitable child restraint or adult seat belt

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81
Q

children younger than 3

A
  • must use a suitable child seat
  • never fit a rear-facing baby seat in a seat protected by an active airbag
  • the airbag must be deactivated first
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82
Q

adjust the head restraint to

A

help prevent neck injury in a collision

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83
Q

convex mirrors

A

give a wider view but can make vehicles look further away than they are

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84
Q

when leaving your car on a two-way road at night

A
  • park in the direction of the traffic

- if the speed limit is more than 30mph, switch on your parking lights

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85
Q

hazard warning lights

A
  • warning other road users of a hazard ahead
  • e.g. if you’ve broken down
  • e.g. queueing traffic on a dual carriageway or motorway
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86
Q

don’t leave the …… in the car

A

vehicle registration documents

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87
Q

at night, park in a

A

well-lit area

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88
Q

have a ……. etched onto windows

A

vehicle registration number

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89
Q

install a ……. to deter thieves

A

security-coded stereo

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90
Q

you must not leave your vehicle unattended with

A

the engine running

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91
Q

do not park over a

A

dropped curb, as this is where wheelchair and mobility scooter users get onto the road or pavement

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92
Q

do not stop or park at the

A

zigzag lines at a pedestrian crossing; blocks visibility

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93
Q

ecosafety - actives:

A
  • reduce your speed
  • avoid rapid acceleration and heavy braking
  • use selective gear changing (reduce the amount of time you’re accelerating)
  • regular services and tunings
  • make sure tyres are correctly inflated
  • keep engine revs low
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94
Q

when does your vehicle use the most fuel?

A

when accelerating

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95
Q

ecosafety - avoids:

A
  • carrying unnecessary loads or leaving an empty roof rack on your car
  • over-revving the engine in lower gears
  • leaving the engine running unnecessarily
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96
Q

if your vehicle is stationary, and likely to remain so for some time

A

switch off the engine

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97
Q

‘kickdown’

A
  • a mechanism in automatic cars that gives quick acceleration when needed (e.g. in overtaking)
  • excessive use will burn more fuel
  • selects a lower gear
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98
Q

keep your car in good condition (serviced regularly) to

A
  • maintain fuel economy

- reduce exhaust emissions

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99
Q

emissions test for MOT

A

starts after 3 year

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100
Q

vehicle tax

A

depends on amount of carbon dioxide emitted

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101
Q

disposing of old engine oil and batteries

A
  • take to local-authority site or garage
  • battery acid!
  • don’t pour into drain
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102
Q

plan an alternative route incase

A

your original route is blocked

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103
Q

congestion charge

A

using congested road space

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104
Q

what is badly affected if the tyres are under-inflated?

A

braking

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105
Q

correct tyre pressures help reduce the risk of

A

skidding

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106
Q

don’t rev your engine

A

unnecessarily

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107
Q

driving slowly in traffic

A
  • increases fuel consumption

- causes a build-up of exhaust fumes

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108
Q

humps, chicanes and narrowing

A

help to reduce traffic speed

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109
Q

traffic calming measures

A

help to keep vehicle speeds low in congested areas where there are pedestrians and children

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110
Q

catalytic converters

A
  • reduce harmful exhaust gases
  • work more efficiently when the engine has reached its normal working temperature
  • found on the exhaust system
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111
Q

when checking tyre pressure

A

tyres must be cold

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112
Q

under-inflated tyres

A
  • cause increased fuel consumption
  • more ‘rolling resistance’
  • can affect steering
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113
Q

what do you use to top up the fluid level in your battery, and where do you fill it to?

A

distilled water; to just above the cell plates

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114
Q

some modern batteries are

A

maintenance-free

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115
Q

when engines are cold they

A

use more fuel and emit more

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116
Q

what causes excessive or uneven tyre wear?

A
  • faulty braking system

- faults in the suspension

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117
Q

remember that different maps have

A

different scales

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118
Q

why is it important to be relaxed when driving?

A

you can concentrate solely on what you’re doing

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119
Q

If your original route is mostly on motorways

A
  • it’s a good idea to plan an alternative using non-motorway roads
  • always carry a map with you just in case you need to refer to it
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120
Q

if brake fluid level gets low

A
  • you could crash!
  • if it drops below the minimum mark on the fluid reservoir, air could enter the hydraulic system; loss of braking efficiency or brake failure
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121
Q

as the brake pads or shoes wear down

A

the brake fluid level will drop

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122
Q

what should you do if your ABS warning light stays on

A

have the brakes checked immediately

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123
Q

if your headrests are positioned too low

A

it could cause damage to the neck in a crash

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124
Q

worn shock absorbers cause

A

bouncing when you press down on one of the wings

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125
Q

roof racks increase

A
  • wind resistance

- can be reduced through an aerodynamically designed roof rack

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126
Q

what does the law require you to keep in good condition?

A

seat belts

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127
Q

what will happen if your car’s wheels are unbalanced?

A

the steering will vibrate

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128
Q

when there are road humps

A

reduce speed throughout the road

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129
Q

always check the engine oil level

A

before a long journey

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130
Q

always try to park

A

in a secure car park

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131
Q

prevent your radio being stolen by

A

installing a security-coded radio

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132
Q

what helps you keep your car secure?

A

vehicle watch scheme

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133
Q

what does ecosafe driving achieve?

A

improved road safety

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134
Q

what can happen if you have too much oil in your engine?

A
  • oil leaks - excess pressure damages engine seals

- drain it off

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135
Q

gaps

A
  • dry conditions = 2s
  • wet conditions = 4s
  • icy conditions = 20s
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136
Q

aquaplaning

A
  • when the tyres lift off the road surface and skate on a film of water
  • the steering becomes light
  • caused by water collecting on the road surface due to heavy rainfall
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137
Q

what to do if aquaplaning occurs

A
  • ease off the accelerator

- don’t brake until your steering feels normal again

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138
Q

if you’ve driven through deep water

A

test you brakes

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139
Q

dry out your brakes by

A

pressing lightly on the brake pedal as you drive

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140
Q

if it very hot

A
  • the road surface can become soft

- affects braking and steering

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141
Q

bright sunlight

A
  • can dazzle

- other drivers might not see indicators (may have to give arm signal)

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142
Q

before setting out in freezing conditions

A

clear ice and snow from windows, lights, mirrors and number plates

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143
Q

when driving in freezing conditions

A
  • reduce speed
  • brake gently in plenty of time
  • be prepared to stop and clean your windscreen by hand if the wipers can’t keep the windscreen clear
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144
Q

foggy

A
  • reduces visibility
  • allow more time for journey
  • slow down (can’t see so far ahead)
  • increase the gap
  • use dipped headlights, even in daylight
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145
Q

fog lights

A
  • if visibility <100m

- switch them off when fog lifts

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146
Q

windy

A
  • high winds can blow you off course
  • allow extra room to the side
  • check left side as you pass other vehicles
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147
Q

wind has a greater effect on

A
  • high-sided vehicles
  • trailers and caravans
  • motorcyclists and cyclists
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148
Q

skidding

A
  • when tyres lose grip on the road
  • steering becomes light
  • caused by how the driver controls acceleration, braking, speed and steering
  • increased risk associated with bad road and tyre conditions, wet or icy conditions
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149
Q

reducing the risk of skidding

A
  • low speed (slow down gradually, avoid sudden steering)
  • at highest gear you can use effectively
  • anti-skid technology (anti-skid system)
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150
Q

anti-lock braking systems (ABS)

A
  • prevents skidding caused by excessive braking
  • wheel speed sensors anticipate when a wheel is about to lock, which could lead to skidding
  • can keep steering while braking
  • wheels are prevented from locking
  • doesn’t reduce stopping distance
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151
Q

if you have to brake suddenly while driving a vehicle with ABS

A
  • press footbrake quickly and firmly

- don’t release brake pedal until vehicle has stopped

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152
Q

ABS might not work well if there is

A
  • surface road water

- loose road surface (e.g. gravel)

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153
Q

anti-skid technology

A

electronic stability functions

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154
Q

electronic stability control (electronic stability programme)

A
  • computer-controlled system; combines the functions of ABS and traction control
  • detects loss of traction; automatically makes corrective adjustments to prevent loss of control
  • indicator lamp alerts driver when the car is close to its handling limits
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155
Q

contraflow systems

A

when one or more lanes have a direction of traffic against that of the rest of the carriageway

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156
Q

when you enter a contraflow system, you should

A
  • reduce speed in good time
  • choose suitable lane in good time
  • keep safe gap
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157
Q

mirrors, signal, manoeuvre…

A

… position, speed, look

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158
Q

in icy conditions,

A

tyre grip is reduced

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159
Q

you take up a position opposite to the direction of your turn to

A

improve view of the road

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160
Q

water on the brakes can act as a

A

lubricant, reducing efficiency

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161
Q

soft road surfaces affect

A

tyre grip; corners and braking

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162
Q

what is average stopping distance in good, dry conditions

A

53m

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163
Q

at 60mph dry conditions, stopping distance =

A

73m

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164
Q

at 70mph dry conditions, stopping distance =

A

96m

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165
Q

at 40mph dry conditions, stopping distance =

A

53m

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166
Q

stopping distance is affected by:

A
  • type, model and condition of vehicle
  • road and weather conditions
  • reaction time
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167
Q

50mph, good conditions. braking distance =

A

38m

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168
Q

50mph, good conditions; thinking distance =

A

15m

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169
Q

dangers of a contraflow:

A
  • travelling close to oncoming traffic

- narrow lanes

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170
Q

factors increasing likelihood of skid:

A
  • condition of the vehicle (tyres!)
  • road condition
  • weather conditions
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171
Q

to correct a skid

A

steer into it carefully (don’t overcorrect!)

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172
Q

torque

A
  • turning force
  • increased by starting off in a low gear in the snow
  • increase means tyres lose grip easier, and wheels spin
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173
Q

to move off in the snow

A

use a higher gear than normal

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174
Q

benefit of four-wheel drive

A

improved grip

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175
Q

chock

A
  • prevents any forward movement

- can leave your car in gear while parking on a hill

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176
Q

when parking your vehicle facing downhill

A

turn the steering wheel towards the curb

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177
Q

if you have anti-lock brakes, how do you apply the footbrake in an emergency

A

rapidly and firmly

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178
Q

if in doubt over time gaps

A

chose 2 seconds

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179
Q

coasting

A
  • travelling for long distances in neutral (or with the clutch down)
  • the engine can’t drive the wheels or stabilise you though a corner
  • no engine braking
  • reduces control
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180
Q

slow moving vehicles have

A

amber lights

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181
Q

categories of hazard

A
  • static (parked cars, junctions or roundabouts)
  • moving (pedestrians, cyclists or drivers)
  • road and weather conditions
  • you! (alertness, fitness)
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182
Q

static hazards

A
  • bends
  • junctions
  • roundabouts
  • parked vehicles and obstructions in the road
  • roadworks
  • road surfaces
  • different types of crossings
  • traffic lights
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183
Q

At level crossings with traffic light signals:

A

you MUST stop before the barrier when the red lights are flashing, even if the barrier isn’t yet down

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184
Q

potential hazards: parked vehicles

A
  • children running
  • vehicle doors opening
  • vehicles moving away
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185
Q

potential hazards: junctions

A
  • reduced view
  • look for reflections in windows
  • don’t block them!
  • beware closed lanes
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186
Q

At a traffic-light-controlled junction where the lights aren’t working:

A
  • treat it as an unmarked junction
  • be prepared to stop
  • may be police officers controlling traffic in these circumstances – make sure that you know and understand their signals.
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187
Q

slow-moving or stationary vehicles with a large arrow displayed on the back show

A

where you need to change lanes when approaching roadworks

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188
Q

when travelling in slow traffic, before you turn left…

A

check for cyclists filtering through the traffic on your left

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189
Q

watch out for motorcyclists when:

A
  • emerging from a junction
  • turning into a road on your right
  • changing lanes or moving out to overtake
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190
Q

at some bridges, high vehicles may need to

A

use the centre of the road to be able to pass underneath

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191
Q

at bus stops

A
  • pedestrians may cross the road

- it may be about to move off

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192
Q

school buses

A

may stop in places other than bus stops

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193
Q

large goods vehicles over 13m long

A

have red and yellow markings at the back

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194
Q

when turning right, don’t forget to

A

check your right for overtaking vehicles before making the turn

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195
Q

powered vehicles for the disabled

A

are extremely vulnerable because they are difficult to see, and travel slowly

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196
Q

help your awareness by

A

using your mirrors

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197
Q

alcohol can:

A
  • reduce your concentration, coordination and control
  • give you a false sense of confidence
  • reduce your judgement of speed
  • slow down your reactions
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198
Q

illegal drugs can have an effect for

A

72hrs

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199
Q

tinted glasses

A
  • can restrict your vision

- must not be worn at night

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200
Q

black rectangular sign with white triangular arrows facing left (or right)

A

sharp turn left (or right)

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201
Q

one yellow light signals a

A

school crossing patrol

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202
Q

when the amber light comes on at the level crossing

A

you have to stop

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203
Q

never overtake near a

A

junction

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204
Q

as you approach a bus stop

A

look to see how many passengers are waiting to board

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205
Q

some two-way roads are divided into three, allowing

A

drivers from both direction to use the middle lane to overtake

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206
Q

an amber flashing light on a vehicle means that it is

A

slow-moving

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207
Q

a policeman making an L with their arms means

A

stop

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208
Q

a solid white line at the side of the road indicates

A
  • the edge of the carriageway

- especially useful when visibility is restricted

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209
Q

staggered junctions

A
  • traffic could be turning off or pulling out ahead of you, to the left or right
  • be aware of vehicles slowing down/stopping
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210
Q

in a one-way street, it is illegal to

A

reverse or turn around

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211
Q

it is okay to sound your horn if

A

another driver is reversing (for example, out of a driveway), where you have priority, and they haven’t seen you

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212
Q

tinted glasses

A

reduce the efficiency of your vision by reducing the amount of light reaching your eyes

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213
Q

if your vision has become very poor but your optician can’t help you, who must you tell? The same applies for ill health.

A

The driver licensing authority (DVLA)

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214
Q

when driving in the rain…

A

be aware of spray reducing your vision

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215
Q

you should never stop on the hard shoulder

A

for rest

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216
Q

if a policeman is directing you with one hand up in the air

A

stop until signalled to go on

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217
Q

you can use bus lanes

A

never!

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218
Q

factors increasing vulnerability:

A
  • inexperience or lack of judgement
  • size
  • speed
  • unpredictable behaviour
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219
Q

pedestrians are vulnerable because they

A
  • move slower

- no protection in collision

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220
Q

remember that there might not always be

A

a pavement, or it might be closed for repairs

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221
Q

large groups should have

A
  • a person at the front with a white light

- a person at the back with a red light

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222
Q

pedestrians crossing a side road when you’re turning in

A

have priority - don’t run them over!!!

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223
Q

signs someone might be about to cross between parked cars:

A
  • seeing their feet when looking between the wheels of the parked cars
  • a ball bouncing out into the road
  • a bicycle wheel sticking out between cars
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224
Q

children are vulnerable

A

because they’re unpredictable - less likely to look before stepping into the road

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225
Q

if there are flashing amber lights under a school warning

A

children are likely to be crossing

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226
Q

a school crossing patrol

A

might stop the traffic by stepping out into the road with a stop sign

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227
Q

yellow zigzag lines outside a school

A

don’t wait or park there; a clear view is needed by road users and pedestrians

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228
Q

vulnerable people might

A

misjudge your speed, need extra time to cross the road

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229
Q

a person with hearing difficulties might have:

A

a dog with a distinctive yellow or burgundy coat

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230
Q

a person carrying a white stuck with a red band

A

is both deaf and blind - they might also have a guide dog with a red and white checked harness

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231
Q

cyclists should normally

A

follow the same rulers of thread as drivers; slower speed and lack of protection means vulnerability

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232
Q

a cyclist travelling at low speed, or glancing over their shoulder to check for traffic

A

may be planning to turn right

233
Q

never overtake a slow-moving vehicle when

A

you’re just about to turn left

234
Q

at a roundabout, cyclists (and horseriders) may decide

A

to stay in the left-hand lane no matter their exit

235
Q

motorcyclists

A

fast moving; vulnerable in collisions

236
Q

street furniture

A

objects and pieces of equipment on roads and pavements; for example, street lights and signs, bus stops, benches, bollards, etc.

237
Q

before you turn right, always check for

A

other traffic, especially motorcyclists, who may be overtaking

238
Q

when you’re moving in queues of traffic, be aware that motorcyclists may:

A
  • filter between lanes
  • cut in just in front of you
  • pass very close to you
239
Q

to increase visibility, motorcyclists often use

A

dipped headlights, even if the day

240
Q

if you have been in an accident with a motorcyclist

A

don’t remove their helmet unless essential

241
Q

a flashing amber beacon on top of a vehicle means

A

it is a slow-moving vehicle

242
Q

main causes of incidents in young drivers:

A
  • over-confidence
  • lack of experience
  • poor judgement

damn

243
Q

sign for people walking on the road

A

a larger man on the right holding hands with a child on the left in a red triangle

244
Q

why should you look particularly for motorcyclists and cyclists at junctions?

A

they’re harder to see; can be hidden by obstructions

245
Q

why do motorcyclists look over their shoulder before turning?

A

to check their blind spot

246
Q

a blue rectangle with a white bicycle and white line to the right means

A

a with-flow cycle lane (usually, a picture of the cycle will also be painted on the road, and sometimes the lane will have a different coloured surface)

247
Q

a red triangle with a black bicycle in it signals

A

cycle route ahead

248
Q

advances stop lines

A

a marked area between two stop lines

249
Q

organised walks

A
  • should keep to the left

- they might have their backs to you, and be unaware of your presence

250
Q

if you want to reverse into a side road but you are unsure if it is clear

A

get out and check (you might not be able to see children in the rear-view mirror)

251
Q

the flashing amber light at a pelican crossing allows

A

pedestrians already crossing to finish

252
Q

if you are dazzled by a vehicle behind you at night

A

set your mirror to the anti-dazzle position

253
Q

even if there are signs for a school, if there are no speed limit signs then the limit is

A

30mph

254
Q

what are particularly hazardous to two-wheeled vehicles?

A

metal drain covers in wet weather

255
Q

if a large vehicle is coming up a hill that you’re driving down, and it has to pull out to avoid a parked car

A

slow down and give way if possible; it’s much easier for you to stop and start again

256
Q

give large vehicles plenty of room at

A
  • road junctions
  • crossroads
  • mini-roundabouts
257
Q

to get around a corner, long vehicles

A

may need to move in the opposite direction to the one they’re indicating

258
Q

if you’re waiting to turn left from a minor road and a large vehicle is approaching from the right

A

it may seem like there’s time to turn, but there could be an overtaking vehicle hidden from view

259
Q

trams are particularly dangerous because they

A
  • are very quiet
  • move quickly
  • can’t steer to avoid you
260
Q

white line signals at traffic lights are for

A

tram drivers

261
Q

maximum speed of invalid carriages (3rd class)

A
  • 8mph

- can be used on up to 50mph dual carriageways (with an amber flashing light)

262
Q

maximum speed of invalid carriages (2nd class)

A
  • 4mph

- used on pavements

263
Q

a red triangle sign with a black flag appearing to blow in wind signifies

A

take extra care on overtaking slow-moving cyclists

264
Q

overtaking time depends on

A

relative speeds

265
Q

when towing a caravan, use

A

extended-arm side mirrors as rear-view mirrors

266
Q

what is the national motorway speed limit for a vehicle with a caravan

A

60mph

267
Q

going through fords

A
  • there may be a depth gauge to help you decide if you should go through
  • use a low gear
  • go through slowly
268
Q

never use fog lights unless visibility is <100m because:

A
  • they can dazzle other road users
  • road users behind you won’t be able to see your clearly, so they may not react in time to stop safely
  • road users behind you may mistake your fog lights for brake lights and slow unnecessarily
269
Q

reflective studs

A

help you see the motorway ahead when driving in fog

270
Q

red studs mark the

A

left-hand edge of the carriageway

271
Q

amber studs mark the

A

central reservation

272
Q

if you’re parking on the road in foggy conditions

A

leave the parking lights on

273
Q

before driving in snow, check:

A
  • your lights are working

- your windows are clean

274
Q

in deep snow, it’s a good idea to…

A

fit chains to your wheels to help grip and prevent skidding

275
Q

reduce risk of skidding by

A

using the highest gear possible

276
Q

high-sided, towing vehicles and cyclists are more affected when

A
  • passing a large vehicle
  • passing gaps between buildings or hedges
  • on exposed roads
277
Q

use sidelights if

A

you’ve broken down and are parked on the hard shoulder

278
Q

engine braking

A

using the engine’s resistance to help slow the vehicle

279
Q

when going up or down hills, choose a …… gear

A

lower

280
Q

On single-track roads

A
  • be aware of the limited space available

- if you see a vehicle coming towards you, pull into (or opposite) a passing place.

281
Q

if you don’t have anti-lock brakes and your vehicle begins to skid when you’re braking on a wet road

A
  • release the footbrake

- if the rear wheels begin to skid, steer into the skid

282
Q

rumble devices

A
  • raised markings across the road
  • used to warn you of a hazard (e.g roundabout)
  • encourages you to lower speed
  • give audible, visual and tactile warning
  • used in the line separating the hard shoulder and the left-hand lane on the motorway
283
Q

where trams operate

A

areas have different surface texture or colour, edged with white line markings

284
Q

if it rains after a long, dry, hot spell, the road surface can become unusually

A
  • slippery

- loose clippings can increase the risk of skidding

285
Q

when can you overtake a vehicle on its left?

A

on a one-way street

286
Q

box junctions

A
  • keep the junction clear by preventing vehicles from stopping in the path of crossing traffic
  • you must not enter them if the exit is not clear
  • can enter the box if you want to turn right, but are prevented by oncoming traffic
287
Q

red triangle sign with a speed bump on it

A
  • humps for 1/2 mile

- found in places with lots of pedestrians (shopping, schools, residential areas)

288
Q

white reflective studs

A
  • appear between lanes on a motorway

- help in poor visibility (fog)

289
Q

green reflective studs

A

between the carriageway and slip roads

290
Q

raised yellow horizontal lines across a road are there to

A
  • make you aware of your speed

- near roundabouts, villages and hazards

291
Q

reserved area

A

the section of the road used by trams

292
Q

on single-track roads it can be

A

difficult to see around bends, because of hedges or fences

293
Q

why do cyclists avoid surface hazards?

A

they might be slippery

294
Q

ford

A

a crossing over a stream that’s shallow enough to drive or ride through

295
Q

why do we keep well back when driving in fog?

A

in case the vehicle in front stops suddenly

296
Q

chains on your wheels allow

A
  • moving off without wheelspin

- keeping moving in deep snow

297
Q

driving on a well-lit motorway on a clear night

A

use your headlights

298
Q

when may you switch off your headlights when driving on a motorway at night

A
  • when your vehicle is broken down on the hard shoulder

- keep your sidelights on

299
Q

when can you overtake a stationary vehicle?

A

when the road ahead is clear

300
Q

what information would a rumble device provide to help you?

A

a reminder to make you aware of your speed

301
Q

driving at high speeds for long periods of time may increase the risk of your vehicle

A

breaking down

302
Q

which vehicles cannot be used on the motorway?

A
  • pedestrians
  • horse riders
  • bicycles
  • motorcycles under 50cc
  • most powered wheelchairs
  • agricultural vehicles
  • some slow-moving vehicles
303
Q

when you join the motorway

A
  • use the slip road o adjust your speed to match the traffic already there
  • give way to the traffic already there
304
Q

use the middle and right-hand lanes only for

A

overtaking; then return to the left-hand lane

305
Q

you should only normally overtake on the

A

right

306
Q

you may overtake on the left if

A

traffic is moving slowly in queues and the queue on your right is moving more slowly than the one you’re in

307
Q

where the motorway goes uphill steeply…

A

there may be a separate lane for slow-moving vehicles, helping the faster-moving traffic flow more easily

308
Q

if you’re travelling in the left-hand lane and traffic is joining from a slip road

A

move to another lane if you’re able to do so safely; helps traffic flow, especially at peak times

309
Q

countdown markers on the left-hand merge show

A

that you’re approaching the next exit

310
Q

if you want to leave the motorway

A

get into the left-hand lane in plenty of time

311
Q

national speed limit for cars and motorcycles on a motorway

A
  • 70mph

- applies to all lanes

312
Q

a vehicle towing a trailer on a motorway

A

is not allowed to use the right-hand lane if there are three or more lanes, unless there are lane closures (or in Northern Ireland, they shouldn’t use the right-hand lane of a three-lane one)

313
Q

if using hazard lights on a motorway

A

switch them off when the proceeding drivers have reacted

314
Q

when you’re approaching roadworks

A

watch for lower speed limits (especially if there’s a contraflow system)

315
Q

active traffic management (ATM) or ‘smart motorways’

A

try to reduce congestion and make journey times more reliable

316
Q

mandatory speed limit signs

A
  • on the gantries are used on smart motorways

- if speed is constant, traffic is less likely to bunch; journey times are improved

317
Q

mandatory speed limit

A

the maximum speed at which you may travel

318
Q

in ATM areas, the hard shoulder

A
  • is sometimes used as a normal traffic lane

- a speed limit sign will be shown above it

319
Q

a red cross above the hard shoulder

A
  • you shouldn’t travel in this lane

- only for use in emergency or breakdown

320
Q

traffic officers

A
  • cover motorways and some A roads
  • can stop and direct anyone
  • respond to calls made on road-side emergency telephones
321
Q

only stop on the motorway

A
  • if flashing red lights show above every lane
  • when told to do so by the police or DVSA officers or traffic officers
  • in a traffic jam
  • in an emergency or breakdown
322
Q

move of if

A

the signals on the overhead gantries advise you to do so

323
Q

emergency telephones

A
  • at one mile intervals
  • marker posts at 100m intervals point you in the direction of the nearest phone
  • they are connected directly to a control centre, where the operator will take your call and direct the appropriate services to help you
324
Q

when you’re using an emergency phone

A

stand facing the oncoming traffic (see hazards approaching)

325
Q

if you are on the hard shoulder in an emergency and are using your mobile phone

A
  • make note of your location (the number on the nearest marker post) before you make the call
  • give this info to the emergency services
326
Q

if you have parked on the hard shoulder:

A
  • switch on your hazard lights to warn other drivers that you’ve broken down
  • switch on the sidelights at night or if visibility is poor
  • don’t open the offside doors; leave by the nearside doors
  • wait on the embankment near your vehicle, but away from the hard shoulder, in case another vehicle crashes into yours
327
Q

offside doors

A

those nearest the carriageway

328
Q

nearside doors

A

away from the traffic

329
Q

when you’re ready to return to the carriageway

A
  • wait for a safe gap in the traffic
  • then drive along the hard shoulder to gain speed
  • the move out into the main carriageway
330
Q

if you can’t get onto the hard shoulder when you break down

A
  • switch on your hazard warning lights

- leave your vehicle only when you can get off the carriageway safely

331
Q

why is a vehicle towing a trailer not allowed in the right lane?

A

it’s speed limit is 60mph; it may hold up the fast-moving traffic using the right-lane to overtake

332
Q

why is it better to use an emergency roadside telephone rather than your mobile phone?

A

it allows easy location by the emergency services

333
Q

crawler (climbing lane)

A

the name of the separate lane given to large, slow-moving vehicles that can hinder the process of other traffic at steep gradients

334
Q

dark blue rectangles with decreasing numbers of white diagonal lines

A
  • countdown markers to the next exit of the motorway

- positioned 90m apart; the first is 270m from the slip road

335
Q

where is the central reservation on a motorway?

A

to the right of the right lane (after the amber studs)

336
Q

reflective studs reflect

A

light back from your headlights (especially useful in bad weather, when visibility is restricted)

337
Q

which direction should you walk in if you’ve broken down on the hard shoulder?

A

the one shown by the marker posts

338
Q

at roadworks, especially where a contraflow system is operating

A
  • a speed restriction is likely to be in place
  • don’t switch lanes
  • keep a good gap
  • there will be no permanent barrier between you and the oncoming traffic
339
Q

bright green/yellow reflective studs

A

at road-works and contraflow systems

340
Q

double deck buses

A

are allowed to use the motorway

341
Q

on a motorway

A

look much further ahead; traffic is moving faster

342
Q

you must stop on the motorway if

A

overhead gantry signs show flashing red lights above every lane

343
Q

emergency refuge area

A
  • on a motorway, used in case of emergency or breakdown
  • built at these of the hard shoulder
  • there is an emergency telephone
344
Q

how are traffic officers recognised?

A
  • orange-and-yellow jacket

- vehicle has yellow-and-black markings

345
Q

smart motorways use variable

A

speed limits

346
Q

what should you check before a journey that will involve motorway travel?

A

oil, water and tyres

347
Q

temporary reflective studs used for when a central reservation is coned off

A

green and yellow

348
Q

national speed limits for cars and motorcycles on a single carriageway

A

60mph

349
Q

national speed limits for cars and motorcycles on a dual carriageway

A

70mph

350
Q

national speed limits for towing vehicles on a single carriageway

A

50mph

351
Q

national speed limits for towing vehicles on a dual carriageway

A

60mph

352
Q

when there are street lights, there’s normally a

A

30mph speed limit for all vehicles, unless signs show otherwise

353
Q

minimum speed limit

A
  • sometimes shown through signage

- travel above the speed unless it’s unsafe

354
Q

buses, coaches, minibuses and goods vehicles (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes maximum laden weight) speed limits:

A
  • single carriageway: 50mph
  • dual carriageway: 60mph
  • motorway: 70mph
355
Q

goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes maximum laden weight) speed limit in England and Wales:

A
  • single carriageway: 50mph
  • dual carriageway: 60mph
  • motorway: 60mph
356
Q

goods goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes maximum laden weight) speed limits in Scotland:

A
  • single carriageway: 40mph
  • dual carriageway: 50mph
  • motorway: 60mph
357
Q

large vehicles may have

A

speed limiters

  • buses and coaches are restricted to 62mph
  • large goods vehicles are restricted to 56mph
358
Q

cycle lane marked by a solid white line

A

never drive or park there during its hours of operation

359
Q

cycle lane marked by broken line

A

don’t drive or park there unless it’s unavoidable

360
Q

you should only drive over a footpath when

A

it’s necessary to reach a property

361
Q

if you’re turning right at a crossroads when an oncoming driver is also turning right

A

right, it’s normally safer to keep the other vehicle to your right and turn behind it. If you have to pass in front of the other vehicle, take extra care as your view may be blocked

362
Q

at crossroads where there aren’t any signs or markings

A
  • no-one has priority

- check very carefully in all directions before driving in

363
Q

roundabouts

A
  • designed to help traffic flow smoothly
364
Q

never reverse

A
  • for longer than you have to

- from a side road into a main road

365
Q

when reversing into a side road

A
  • always check road and traffic conditions in all directions

- you can undo your seatbelt while reversing if it helps you to get a better view

366
Q

how can reversing create a hazard for passing traffic?

A

the front of your vehicle swings out as you turn

367
Q

level crossing

A
  • where a railway line crosses the road
  • may have countdown markers to warn you (if the crossing is hidden/around a bend)
  • may or may not have barriers
368
Q

controlled crossing have

A
  • traffic-light signals with twin flashing red lights

- a warning alarm for pedestrians

369
Q

if the warning light comes on as you’re approaching a level crossing

A

stop!

370
Q

if you’re already on the crossing when he warnings lights come on and the bell rings

A

keep going and clear the crossing

371
Q

some types of level crossing don’t have lights, e.g:

A
  • crossings with user-operated gates or barriers

- open crossings

372
Q

if you have to park on a road, you should park on the

A
  • left-hand side, so that other road users can see your reflectors
  • on a one-way street, you can park on either side
373
Q

clearways

A

a stretch of road or steep where stopping is not allowed

374
Q

urban clearway

A

stop only to drop off and pick-up passengers

375
Q

on a road marked with double white lines (broken or not)

A

only stop to drop off and pick up passengers, or to load/unload goods

376
Q

don’t park:

A
  • on or near the brow of a hill - at a bus stop
  • opposite a traffic island
  • in front of someone else’s drive
  • near a school entrance
  • opposite or within 10 metres of a junction (NI = 15), unless there’s an authorised parking space
377
Q

parking restrictions are sometimes shown by

A

signs and yellow lines

378
Q

controlled parking zone

A
  • you have to pay

- park within the maked bays on days and time shown by the zone entry times

379
Q

you have to stop when:

A
  • involved in a RTA
  • red traffic light
  • when a police officer, traffic warden, DVSA officer, traffic officer or school crossing patrol signals you to do so
380
Q

smoking in the car

A
  • illegal to smoke in a private enclosed vehicle if one or more of the occupants is under 18
  • it’s the drivers responsibility to stop this from happening
  • doesn’t apply to e-cigarettes
381
Q

a white circle with a black diagonal line through it signifies

A

the national speed limit applies

382
Q

a blue circle with a number in crossed out by a red diagonal signifies

A

the minimum speed (the number) has ended

383
Q

a red circle, filled in blue, with a red diagonal through it signifies

A
  • waiting restrictions (normally accompanied with details of when the restrictions are in force)
  • if ENDS is written underneath, it means that the no-waiting zone has ended
384
Q

if you’re waiting at a pelican crossing and the red light changes to flashing amber

A

wait for pedestrians on the crossing to clear

385
Q

when can you park on the left opposite white lines (one strong and one broken)

A

to pick up or set down passengers

386
Q

turning offside to offside

A
  • when turning right at crossroads where oncoming traffic is also turning right, it’s generally safer to turn behind the approaching vehicle
  • allows a clear view of approaching traffic
387
Q

nearside to nearside

A

usually at junctions controlled by traffic-light-filters

388
Q

white rectangles with decreasing numbers of red diagonal lines through them signify

A

approaching a concealed level crossing

389
Q

meeting situations

A

if the nearest passing place is on the right, wait opposite it

390
Q

you can drive in bus lanes when

A

they are not in operation

391
Q

memory tip: broken line in the cycle lane means

A

something will break if you use it (dark, I know, but you do what you have to)

392
Q

what must you have to use a disabled space

A

A Blue Badge

393
Q

single carriageway lines

A

short dashes with long spaces

394
Q

high-occupancy lane

A

for vehicles that have two or more occupants

395
Q

blue circles

A

give an instruction or show which sort of road user can use a route

396
Q

red rings or circles

A

tell you what you mustn’t do

397
Q

signs with a brown background

A

give tourist information

398
Q

stop sign is octagonal so that it

A

stands out and can be understood even if it’s partly covered (e.g. by snow)

399
Q

maximum speed limits are shown inside

A

red circles

400
Q

the more paint there is

A

the more important the rule

401
Q

short broken white lines

A

mark the centre of the road

402
Q

longer broken white lines

A

show that a hazard is ahead: only overtake if the road ahead is clear

403
Q

you can only cross or straddle double white lines with a solid white line on your side of thread when

A
  • you’re turning into a junction or an entrance
  • you need to pass a stationary vehicle
  • you need to overtake a cyclist, horse or road maintenance vehicle, if they’re moving <10mph
404
Q

white diagonal stripes or chevrons

A

separate lanes of traffic or protect traffic turning right

405
Q

red tarmac within a block of white lines or diagonals

A

highlights the area that separates traffic flowing in opposite directions

406
Q

yellow lines show

A

waiting and stopping restrictions

407
Q

zigzag lines

A

no stopping or parking at any time

408
Q

broken lines across the road

A

give way

409
Q

single solid line

A

stop

410
Q

give way triangles, road-hump markings and rumble strips

A

warn of a hazard

411
Q

traffic light sequence

A

1) red
2) red and amber - stop and wait
3) green
4) amber - stop unless you’ve already crossed the stop line or you’re so close that pulling up might cause an accident

412
Q

green filter arrow

A

you can go in the direction of the arrow, even if the main green light isn’t showing green

413
Q

if a set of traffic lights is out of order

A
  • drive very carefully

- nobody has priority

414
Q

red flashing lights

A
  • level crossings, lifting bridges, outside some fire stations
  • STOP
415
Q

at roadworks, traffic can be controlled by:

A
  • a police officer
  • traffic lights
  • a ‘stop/go’ board
416
Q

amber lights on the gantries

A
  • hazard (e.g. lane closures, to leave at the next exit, fog)
  • temporary maximum speed advised for conditions
417
Q

when may you have to use an arm signal:

A
  • signalling to turn right in busy traffic

- slowing down to give way at a zebra crossing

418
Q

when can you ignore the rules about beeping

A

when another driver puts you in danger

419
Q

you must not use your horn when stationary

A

unless other vehicle is likely to cause danger

420
Q

a police or traffic officer following you in a patrol vehicle can do what to make you stop:

A
  • indicate left and point to the left
  • flash their headlights
  • pull up on the left as soon as it’s safe to do so
421
Q

a red circle with a black motorcycle and a black car underneath it signifies

A

no motor vehicles allowed

422
Q

red circle with a white bar through it

A

no entry (e.g. one way)

423
Q

a blue circle with a white tram in it; underneath, a black rectangle, filled in white, with ‘Only’ written in black

A

means route for trams only

424
Q

a red circle, filled in white, with two black triangles facing opposite at the north and south poles, with 4.4m written at the top and 14’-6” written underneath

A

applies to high vehicles on the road ahead

425
Q

a red circle, filled in white, with a black car on the left and a red car on the right

A

no overtaking

426
Q

a red circle, filled in blue, with a red diagonal across it

A

waiting restrictions apply

427
Q

a black rectangle, the top half being a grey circle with a diagonal through it, with 4 black lines diagonally across the whole sign in the other direction. on the bottom half, written in black, is ‘Zone ENDS’

A

end of restricted parking area

428
Q

a red circle, filled in blue, with a red X through it

A

means no stopping

429
Q

only stop in a clearway if

A

it’s an absolute emergency!

430
Q

a blue rectangle with a white edging, filled in blue with a big white P and distance under it

A

distance to parking place ahead

431
Q

a blue rectangle with a white edging, filled in blue with a big white P and a white car underneath it on the left

A
  • vehicles may park fully on the verge or footway

- parking on a verge without the sign could lead to a fine

432
Q

a red circle, filled in white with a red arrow at the top and a black arrow on the right facing down

A
  • give priority to oncoming traffic

- where roads can only fit one car (bridges, roadworks, width restriction)

433
Q

a blue circle with white edging with a big white number

A

minimum speed

434
Q

a blue circle with white edging and two white arrows diverging

A
  • pass either side to get to the same destination
  • often in one-way streets that have more than one lane
  • use the route that’s most convenient and doesn’t require a late change of lane
435
Q

blue circles usually

A
  • give positive instruction
  • found in urban areas
  • signs for mini-roundabouts and direction arrows
436
Q

where would you see a contraflow bus and cycle lane

A

on a one-way street

437
Q

a blue rectangle with white edging. the right side is two white arrows pointing up. the left side is a bus with a white arrow underneath pointing down

A

contraflow bus lane

438
Q

brown signs often seen on the

A

motorway

439
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black post on it (looks kinda like a stile)

A

T-junction (with priority over vehicles from the right)

440
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with what looks like a chubby black sword

A
  • crossroads

- the priority through the junction is shown using the broader line

441
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black circle with 3 gaps in it (like the recycling sign)

A

roundabout

442
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black bicycle in it

A
  • cycle route ahead

- watch out for cyclists rejoining the main road

443
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black path that doubles over

A

double bend

444
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a wishbone

A

the end of a dual carriageway (the carriageways converge)

445
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black exclamation point in it

A
  • danger ahead

- may be accompanied with a plate detailing the type of hazard

446
Q

hidden dips can conceal

A

hazards e.g.

  • cyclists
  • horse riders
  • parked vehicles
  • pedestrians
447
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black fence on it

A

level crossing with a gate or barrier

448
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black tram in it

A

trams crossing ahead

449
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with a black hill and an angle above it

A

steep hill

450
Q

when should you avoid to ford?

A

if the water looks too deep, or if the stream has spread over a large distance

451
Q

a blue rectangle with white edging. in it is a white line with a twig sticking off of it that it cut of by a red rectangle on an angle

A

no through road on the (direction of the twig)

452
Q

a blue rectangle with white edging, a white line blocked off perpendicularly with a red rectangle

A

no through road

453
Q

ring road

A

designed to relieve congestion in town and city centres

454
Q

a yellow rectangle, filled in green, with a big white R in the centre

A

ring road

455
Q

a black rectangle, filled In yellow. two black arrows pointing upwards on the left, one line blocked perpendicularly with a red rectangle at the right

A

the right-hand lane is closed

456
Q

yellow and black signs

A
  • temporary

- used to inform you about roadworks or lane restrictions

457
Q

a black rectangle, filled in yellow. STAY IN LANE written at top, with diagram of curved arrows in yellow and red. Max speed (x) written in black underneath.

A

contraflow

458
Q

if you use the right-hand lane in a contraflow system

A

you’ll be travelling with no permanent barrier between you and the oncoming traffic

459
Q

what do you do at an amber light?

A

stop at the stop line

460
Q

when shouldn’t you proceed at a green traffic light junction?

A

when your exit is blocked

461
Q

filter lights

A
  • have separate signals for different lanes

- designed to help traffic flow at major junctions

462
Q

when may you cross a solid white line

A
  • to pass a vehicle going <10mph
  • to enter a side road
  • to access a property
463
Q

road markings: a white triangle with white chevrons in it that come to a point

A

found on a motorway slip road

464
Q

blue rectangle with white edges showing a junction and a number in black rectangle with white edging in the bottom left

A

the number of the next junction

465
Q

if an left-facing arrow is shown on the gantries

A

leave the motorway at the next exit; the motorway is closed ahead

466
Q

blue rectangle with white edges showing two white lines going into the distance with a bridge across them

A

end motorway

467
Q

black rectangle with a white square inside it with ‘End’ in white letterings

A

end of restriction

468
Q

black rectangle filled in yellow with a black triangle (circle/diamond) in the centre

A

a diversion route

469
Q

yellow and black sign speed changes are still

A

mandatory (usually about 3/4 mile in advance)

470
Q

a red circle filled in white with a black motorcycle in the centre

A

no motorcycles

471
Q

on traffic light, if one of them is white it is for

A

trams

472
Q

red triangle filled in white facing downwards

A

give way

473
Q

a blue circling with white edging with three arrows in a circle

A

mini-roundabout

474
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with two black arrows facing east and west respectively

A
  • two-way traffic crosses a one-way road
  • be prepared for traffic approaching from junctions on either side
  • avoid unnecessary changes of lane
475
Q

a red triangle, filled in white, with two black arrows facing north and south respectively

A
  • two-way traffic straight ahead

- may be at the end of a dual carriageway or a one-way street

476
Q

at a hump bridge

A
  • need to slow down
  • restricted view
  • narrow road
  • if the bridge is very steep, sound your horn
  • if you go too fast, your wheels may leave the road
477
Q

a black sign pointing right filled in white, with a blue rectangle inside that has a white P + and a bus

A

direction to park-and-ride car park

478
Q

a downward facing with arrow that is hollow

A
  • just before a give way sign

- give way to traffic on the main road

479
Q

a blue rectangle with a large white arrow pointing upwards

A

one-way system

480
Q

a red triangle filled in white with a man walking along a path

A

zebra crossing ahead

481
Q

which conditions might require an arm signal?

A
  • bright sunshine
  • complex road layout
  • when stopping at a pedestrian crossing
  • when turning right after having just passed a parked vehicle
482
Q

in a tunnel

A

you may need to reduce your speed to let your eyes adjust to the sudden darkness

483
Q

continuous white line along the side of the road

A
  • the edge of the carriageway
  • useful when visibility is restricted
  • discontinued at junctions, lay-bys and entrances or exits to private drives
484
Q

arrow pointing left to the left of the hatched markings

A

keep left of the hatched markings

485
Q

double unbroken white centre lines

A

no parking

486
Q

before you can legally drive on a public road, you must:

A
  • check that the vehicle tax has been paid on the vehicle
  • hold a valid driving licence
  • have valid insurance cover
  • ensure the vehicle you’re driving has a valid MOT certificate if it requires one
487
Q

you won’t be able to tax your vehicle unless you have:

A
  • a valid MOT certificate (if your vehicle requires one) - appropriate, current insurance cover
488
Q

vehicle registration certificate (V5C)

A

contains details of:

  • the vehicle, including make, model, engine size and year of registration
  • the registration keeper
489
Q

you have to tell the DVLA when:

A
  • your vehicle
  • your name
  • your permanent address
490
Q

vehicle tax must be paid on

A

all motor vehicles used or kept on public roads unless the vehicle is exempt

491
Q

Statutory Off-Road Notification (SORN)

A
  • if you’re not going to use your vehicle on public roads, you won’t have to pay vehicle tax as long as you tell DVLA in advance
  • lasts until you tax, sell or scrap your vehicle
492
Q

eyesight

A

you must be able to read in good daylight, with glasses or contact lenses, a vehicle plate from 20m

493
Q

probation period

A

for two years after you pass your first practical test, if you get six or more penalty points, you lose your license

494
Q

if you lose your license, you have to

A
  • reapply for your provisional license

- pass your theory and practical tests again

495
Q

any points on your provisional license

A

will be transferred to your new license when you pass your test

496
Q

before driving on roads, you must have

A

at least third-party insurance

497
Q

third-party insurance covers

A
  • injury to another person
  • damage to someone else’s property
  • damage to other vehicles
498
Q

driving without insurance

A
  • is a criminal offence

- can lead to an unlimited fine and possibly disqualification

499
Q

when might you need to show your insurance certificate?

A
  • when you’re taxing your vehicle

- if a police officer asks you for it

500
Q

your insurer may give you a …. until your receive your insurance certificate

A

temporary cover note

501
Q

if you ignore reminds sent to you to get insurance or SORN as the registered keeper, you risk

A
  • a fixed-penalty fine of £100 court prosecution
  • a fine of up to £1000
  • having the vehicle clamped, seized and destroyed
502
Q

if a police officer asks to see your documents and you don’t have them with you…

A

you can produce them at a police station within seven days

503
Q

the cost of your insurance is generally lower if you’re

A

over 25 years old

504
Q

before you drive anyone else’s vehicle

A

make sure it’s insured for you to drive

505
Q

the MOT test make sure

A

your vehicle meets road safety and environmental standards

506
Q

cars must have an MOT

A

when they’re three years old (four in NI)

507
Q

MOT certificates are valid for

A

one year

508
Q

trailers and caravans

A

don’t need an MOT

509
Q

the only time you can drive your car without an MOT certificate (unless your car is exempt) is

A

when you’re driving to or from an appointment at an MOT centre, or to have MOT repairs carried out

510
Q

if your vehicle needs an MOT certificate and you don’t have one

A
  • you won’t be able to renew your vehicle tax
  • you could be prosecuted
  • your insurance may be invalid
511
Q

you must also tell DVLA if you

A
  • change your name
  • change your address
  • have or develop a medical condition that will affect your ability to drive
512
Q

what do you need to apply to renew your vehicle tax?

A
  • valid insurance

- all relevant valid documents (valid MOT certificate where applicable)

513
Q

where can you renew your vehicle tax?

A
  • online
  • at post offices
  • at vehicle registration offices
  • by phones
514
Q

who’s responsible for paying the vehicle tax?

A

the registered keeper of the vehicle

515
Q

what information is found on a vehicle registration document?

A
  • the registered keeper
  • the vehicle’s details (date of first registration, registration number, previous keeper, maker of vehicle, engine size, chassis number, year of manufacture and colour)
516
Q

basic third-person party insurance won’t curve

A
  • damage to your vehicle
  • theft
  • fire damage
517
Q

what does a policy of excess x mean

A
  • you have to pay the first x amount of car repairs

- it will help to keep your premium down

518
Q

what does the cover note give you?

A

temporary cover

519
Q

which document must you show at the post office to tax your car?

A

new keeper supplement

520
Q

what should you carry in your car in case of emergency to help prevent or lessen an injury?

A
  • a first aid kit
  • a warning triangle
  • fire extinguisher
521
Q

you may be able to tackle a

A

small fire if you have a fire extinguisher, but don’t take any risks

522
Q

if a warning light shoes on the instrument panel of your vehicle

A
  • you may have a problem that affects the safety of the vehicle
  • if necessary, stop as soon as you can do so safely and check the problem
523
Q

if your tyre bursts or you get a puncture while you’re driving

A
  • hold the steering wheel firmly

- pull up slowly or roll to a stop at the side of the road

524
Q

if you smell petrol while you’re driving

A

stop and investigate as soon as you can do so safely

525
Q

what will the operator ask you if you break down on the motorway

A
  • the number on the phone
  • details of yourself and your vehicle
  • whether you belong to a motoring organisation
526
Q

a person who has a disability that affects their mobility may display

A

a ‘help’ pennant if they can’t reach an emergency phone

527
Q

if you break down on a level crossing

A
  • get everyone out of the vehicle and clear the crossing
  • call the signal operator from the phone provided
  • only move your vehicle if the operator tells you to do so
528
Q

if you have a warning triangle

A
  • place it at least 45m behind your vehicle
  • warns other road users that you’ve broken down
  • never place it on a motorway; too much danger from passing traffic
529
Q

if you’re driving on a motorway and you see something fall from another vehicle, or if anything falls from your own vehicle

A

stop at the next emergency telephone and report the hazard to the police; don’t try to retrieve it yourself

530
Q

you need to take extra care when you’re driving in a tunnel because:

A
  • when you enter the tunnel, visibility is suddenly reduced

- the confined space can make incidents difficult to deal with

531
Q

before driving through a tunnel

A
  • remove your sunglasses if you’re wearing them

- switch on dipped headlights

532
Q

it especially important to keep a good gap in a tunnel

A

even if it’s congested

533
Q

signs may display a radio frequency

A

that you should tune your radio to

534
Q

if your vehicle is involved in an incident or breaks down in a tunnel

A
  • switch off the engine
  • put your hazard warning lights on
  • go and call for help immediately from the nearest emergency telephone point
535
Q

if your vehicle catches fire while you’re driving through a tunnel

A
  • drive it out of the tunnel if your can do so without causing further danger
  • if not, stop
  • switch on hazard warning lights
  • try to put out the fire, but only if it’s small
  • call for help at the nearest emergency point
536
Q

if your engine catches fire while your driving

A
  • pull up as quickly and safely as possible
  • get yourself and any passengers out and away from the vehicle
  • call the fire brigade
  • don’t open the bonnet, this will make the fire worse
537
Q

if you’re first to arrive at an incident

A
  • ensure that the engines of any vehicles at the scene are switched off
  • move uninjured people away from the scene
538
Q

a vehicle carrying dangerous goods

A
  • will display an orange label or a hazard warning plate on the back
  • report that the label says if you have to call the emergency services
539
Q

basic first aid

A
  • keep people warm, comfortable and calm
  • don’t leave them alone
  • don’t offer them food or drink
540
Q

don’t move an injured person if

A

the area is safe

541
Q

if the casualty is unconscious

A
  • check they can breathe normally
  • if they can, place them in the recovery position until the medical help arrives
  • keep checking their airway remains clear
542
Q

DR ABC approach

A 
Danger 
Response 
Airway 
Breathing 
Circulation
543
Q

CPR

A
  • interlock your fingers, place them in the centre of the casualty’s chest and press down hard and fast; around 5-6cm twice a second
  • you may need only one hand for a child and you shouldn’t press dow hard
  • for infants, use two fingers in the middle of their chest and press down about a third of the chest depth
  • don’t stop until the casualty starts breathing again or a medical professional takes over
544
Q

Danger

A

check it’s safe to approach

545
Q

Response

A
  • try to get a response by gently shaking the casualty’s shoulders and asking loudly ‘Are you all right?’
  • if they respond, check for injuries
546
Q

Airway

A

if they don’t respond, open the casualty’s airway by placing your fingers under their chin and lifting it forward

547
Q

Breathing

A
  • check that the casualty is breathing normally
  • look for chest movements, and air flow
  • if there is not, apply CPR
548
Q

Circulation

A
  • if the casualty is responsive and breathing, check for signs of bleeding
  • protect yourself from exposure to blood and check for anything that might be in the wound (e.g. glass)
  • don’t remove anything that’s stuck in the wound
  • without pressing on the object, build up padding on either side
  • if nothing is embedded, apply firm pressure over the wound to stem blood-flow
  • as soon as practical, fasten a pad to the wound with a bandage or length of cloth; use the cleanest material available
549
Q

symptoms of shock

A
  • rapid pulse
  • sweating
  • pale grey skin
550
Q

to help someone suffering from shock

A
  • reassure them confidently
  • keep them warm
  • make them comfortable as you can
  • avoid moving them unless it’s necessary
  • make sure they’re not left alone
551
Q

if someone is suffering from burns

A
  • douse the burns thoroughly with cool water for at least 10minutes
  • don’t remove anything sticking to the burn
552
Q

what information must you stop and give if you’re involved in an incident?

A

name and address, as well as if there is any property damage (must report the incident to the police within 24 hours, asap)

553
Q

if another person is injured and you don’t produce your insurance certificate at the tijme

A

you must report the incident to the police as soon as is reasonably practical, within 24 hours

554
Q

if another vehicle is involved, find out:

A
  • who owns the vehicle
  • the make and registration number of the vehicle
  • the other driver’s name, address and telephone number and details of their insurance
555
Q

following an incident, or at any other time, police may ask you for:

A
  • your insurance certificate
  • the MOT certificate for the vehicle
  • your driving licence
556
Q

where possible, record information about an incident scene

A

it may be helpful to take photographs

557
Q

never cross the carriageway or slip road

A
  • to use the emergency phone

- or ever, really!

558
Q

if a casualty is unconscious in the middle of the road, what is the first thing to do?

A

warn other traffic

559
Q

if someone is suffering from burns and has blistering

A

don’t attempt to burst them; this could lead to infection

560
Q

if someone is bleeding heavily

A

don’t create a tourniquet - it restricts circulation and can result in long-term injury

561
Q

if you’re involved in a collision, the police may ask you to produce your

A

driving license

562
Q

overloading

A

can seriously affect a vehicle’s handling, especially the steering and braking

563
Q

when you’re carrying or towing a heavy load, you need to make adjustments to your vehicle, such as:

A
  • increasing the air pressure in the tyres

- adjusting the aim of the headlights

564
Q

you should load your vehicle carefully to avoid

A

upsetting the vehicle’s stability

565
Q

when loading a vehicle

A
  • distribute the weight evenly
  • make sure that the load is fastened so that it can’t move when you’re cornering or braking
  • ensure loads don’t obstruct your view when you’re driving, or stick out where they could be dangerous for other road users
566
Q

carrying a load on a roof rack

A
  • will increase wind resistance

- may make your vehicle less stable

567
Q

when should you inflate your tyres to a higher pressure than normal?

A
  • when you’re carrying a heavy load

- if you’re driving for a long distance on a dual carriageway or motorway at the speed limit

568
Q

never allow a passenger to travel in a caravan

A

while it’s being towed

569
Q

animals should be

A

restrained, to ensure they don’t interfere with the driver, or block the driver’s view

570
Q

dogs:

A
  • may travel in a special cage or behind a dog guard

- may be strapped in using a harness for added security

571
Q

animals except dogs:

A
  • should travel in cages or in pet carriers that can be secured with a seat belt
572
Q

if you’re planning to tow a caravan

A
  • it’ll help the handling of your vehicle if you have a stabiliser fitted to your towbar
  • particularly if you’re driving in side winds
573
Q

if your caravan or trailer has a braking system

A
  • it must be fitted with a device to stop the trailer automatically in the event of separation of the main coupling
  • attach a breakaway cable to the parking-brake mechanism that will apply to the brake when the trailer becomes detached from the towing vehicle
574
Q

if a trailer or caravan starts to swerve or snake as you’re driving along:

A
  • ease off the accelerator

- reduce your speed gradually to regain control

575
Q

noseweight

A
  • the maximum weight that can be put on your vehicle’s towbar
  • found in your vehicle handbook
576
Q

loads and fuel consumption

A
  • carrying a load will increase your vehicle’s fuel consumption because of the extra weight
  • carrying a load on a roof rack will increase the fuel consumption even more because of the wind resistance and drag created by the load
577
Q

why does a heavy load on a roof rack reduce stability?

A

it moves the centre of gravity away from that designed by the manufacturer

578
Q

why might your steering feel heavy?

A

tyre pressure is too low

Driving Theory (2 decks)

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