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GCSE History Russia > The Bolsheviks In Power 1917-24 > Flashcards

The Bolsheviks In Power 1917-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks start condemning the Provisional Government?

A

because they did not pull Russia out of the war or instigate any meaningful reform.

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2
Q

What was The Decree on Peace?

A

November 1917, for all countries in the war to begin peace talks. A good way to take decisive action which would be popular amongst workers and soldiers.

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3
Q

The Decree on Land

A

8th November, land to be taken from landowners and given to peasants. Gave legal backing for these actions as it would happen informally.

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4
Q

Decree on workers rights

A

An 8 hour working day/ 48 hour week. Decree on employment introduced insurance for unemployed/injured/ill.

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5
Q

What was the outcome of the decrees?

A

Soviets across the nations supported them as people felt they were experiencing new Russia. Seen as a unifying force and helped to rally non-Bolsheviks behind new regime.

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6
Q

When did the Constituent Assembly shut down?

A

After just one day of its first session in January 1918. Shut by Bolsheviks and the Red Guards.

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7
Q

Why did the Constituent Assembly get shutdown?

A

Without control of enough seats, they were unwilling to allow the assembly to continue.

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8
Q

Why was the tsar, his family/doctor/servants executed?

A

17th July 1918. Civil war broke out and there was suspicion of ‘white’ armies releasing them.

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9
Q

Impact of the treaty of Brest-litovsk

A

Signed to make peace with Germany. Russia lost 26% of its population, over a quarter of its farmland and railroads, industrial areas including 74% of iron and coal supplies.

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10
Q

Why did Bolsheviks agree to Brest-Litovsk?

A
  • quick end to war to give them space to set up new rule
  • had to deal with opposition
  • didn’t think the treaty would last long, thought revolutions would spread across Europe
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11
Q

What was Lenin’s government called?

A

The Sovnarkom

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12
Q

How was the Civil War triggered?

A

Disagreements over which form of government would be best for Russia and whether or not they should be involved in WWI.

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13
Q

Who were the Reds?

A

Bolsheviks

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14
Q

Who were the Whites?

A

Nationalists and monarchists

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15
Q

Who were the Greens

A

Peasant armies fight against any outside rule by Whites or Reds, particularly in Siberia

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16
Q

Who were Anti-Bolsheviks?

A
  • left wing groups: wanted a more democratic Russia
  • conservatives: opposed Bolsheviks proposals for profound social/economic change
  • groups of soldiers from other countries who had been captured during the First World War and found themselves in Russia
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17
Q

What did the Bolsheviks control?

A

Central Russia, helped their position in war.

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18
Q

What was the Bolsheviks propaganda organisation called?

A

Agitprop

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19
Q

What did agitprop do?

A

Spread the Bolshevik message using art, posters and entertainment to influence the peoples thought

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20
Q

What did the soldiers in the Red Armyreceive?

A

education, learning to read and write and to understand the political aims of the Bolsheviks

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21
Q

What was The Red Banner?

A

An award for those who fought bravely.

22
Q

Problems the whites faced

A
  • little control over strategic industries, at most had 250,00 in armies
  • lacked leadership/individual, no goal but to defeat Bolsheviks
  • where unpopular because they treated peasants badly
23
Q

Why did foreign countries intervene?

A

Wanted to encourage the whites and prevent the spread of Bolshevism

24
Q

what was the Cheka?

A

Bolshevik political police

25
Q

Outcome of civil war

A
  • millions of people died
  • economy was severely weakened
  • food shortages
26
Q

When were all non-Bolshevik newspapers banned?

A

December 1917

27
Q

What happened to the Kadet part in December 1917?

A

Banned, leaders arrested

28
Q

What were law courts replaced by?

A

Revolutionary Tribunals

29
Q

How many people were executed during red terror?

A

50,000-140,000

30
Q

What’s was Cheka renamed to?

A

GPU in 1922, OGPU in 1923

31
Q

When did Russia become a one party state?

A

1918-1922, SR/Menshevik/anarchists were removed and deported.

32
Q

What’s was the Kronstadt mutiny?

A

Sailors of the Kronstadt naval base rebelled in march 1921. This is because ‘war communism’ has taken a toll on them.

33
Q

What did the Kronstadt mutiny show?

A

How much support the Bolsheviks lost due ton their strict regime.

34
Q

Response to Kronstadt mutiny?

A
  • soldiers were denounced as ‘whites’
  • soldiers weren’t trying to overthrow the revolution, wanted changes
  • red army attack
  • sailors fought back but were defeated
35
Q

Reality of communist party

A

Wasn’t democratic, they had all the power. Criticism not allowed.

36
Q

Who were the first members of politburo?

A

Lenin, Zinoviev, kamenev, Trotsky and stalin

37
Q

When did Russia reorganise into USSR?

A

1924

38
Q

Why was war communism introduced?

A

New government wanted to end capitalism, and that the army had enough food supply

39
Q

Grain

A

There was fixed prices so that it was low enough for army to our chase, peasants weren’t happy and were reluctant

40
Q

What happened to peasants that didn’t give grain?

A

Cheka would forcibly take it

41
Q

Why did war communism fail?

A
  • peasants destroyed their crops, Cheka couldn’t seize
  • food shortages
  • peasant uprising
42
Q

What did NEP do?

A
  • reintroduce money
  • small businesses did well, private businesses could employ
  • no grain seized, had to pay taxes
43
Q

Why did some communists disagree with NEP?

A

Betrayed their principles, Trotsky was against it. More suicides in Bolshevik party.

44
Q

What was the scissor crisis?

A

Food prices affordable but factor-made goods weren’t

45
Q

When was NEP introduced?

A

1921

46
Q

When was Zhenotdel set up?

A

1919, as an organisation to improve the rights and position of women

47
Q

When was abortion legalised?

A

1920

48
Q

When could women in a relationship own property?

A

1926

49
Q

Why did the economic position of women under NEP worsen?

A

Women’s rights weren’t seen as a priority by leading members

50
Q

When was free education introduced in Russia?

A

1919

51
Q

What was RAPP?

A

The Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, had control over censorship from 1925. Promoted ‘socialist realism’

GCSE History Russia (4 decks)

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