The body's response to shock

Question 1

stretch sensitive receptors that continuously measure the pressure inside the aorta and carotid arteries

Answer 1

baroreceptors

Question 2

The compensatory mechanisms associated with shock are initiated and maintained through 2 major pathways:

Answer 2

• direct sympathetic nerve stimulation and

- the release of hormones

Question 3

The effects of the sympathetic stimulation which occurs immediately are:

Answer 3

• increase heart rate
• increase force of ventricular contraction
• vasoconstriction
• stimulation of the release of epinephrine & norepinephrine from the adrenal gland

Question 4

epinephrine stimulates

Answer 4

alpha and beta receptors

Question 5

norepinephrine stimulates

Answer 5

mostly alpha receptors

Question 6

Alpha effects

Answer 6

• vascular smooth muscle cause vasoconstriction (pale, cool skin) (narrowing pulse)
• stimulation of sweat glands (clammy skin)

Question 7

Beta1 effects

Answer 7

stimulates the heart, causing increase in heart rate & force of contraction, speeds up electrical impulse.

Question 8

Hormones effect

Answer 8

decrease urine output, cause further vasoconstriction, increase heart rate & contractility & increase in glucose

Question 9

detect decreased blood pressure and trigger corrective responses

Answer 9

Baroreceptors

Question 10

Beta2 effects

Answer 10

• Bronchial smooth muscle dilation

- Skeletal muscle contractility

Question 11

Blood Pressure(BP)=

Answer 11

BP= CO x SVR

blood pressure= cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance

Question 12

Cardiac Output(CO)=

Answer 12

CO=HR x SV

cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume