Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DMED 511 - Foundations > The Body Plan: Basic Concepts of Human Structure > Flashcards

The Body Plan: Basic Concepts of Human Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Regional or topographical anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Based on the systems of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 8 types of anatomy?

A 
Gross (topographical) anatomy 
Systemic anatomy
Neuro-anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Surface (clinical) anatomy 
Living anatomy/Imaging anatomy
Clinical/surgical/applied anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

Embryology: development of embryo & fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Histology: study of cell (cell biology) and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is surface (clinical) anatomy?

A

Study of external features - Important for physical examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is living anatomy?

A

Imaging anatomy - radiology & diagnostic imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is surgical anatomy?

A

applied anatomy - anatomy as applied to clinical practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does human anatomy always begin with?

A

definition of the anatomical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the worldwide accepted anatomical position (4)?

A
  • Standing upright,
  • Head, eyes and toes facing forward
  • Upper limbs by the sides
  • Palms facing forward, thumbs directed outwards, away from the palms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 + 1 major anatomical planes?

A
  • Sagittal
  • parasagittal
  • Coronal
  • Horizontal (axial)
  • Sometimes use a oblique plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sagittal or midsagittal plane?

A

midline - divides the body into two symmetrical halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parasagittal plane?

A
  • Off the midline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is lateral?

A

structures further from the sagittal or parasagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is medial?

A

structures closer to the sagittal or parasagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the coronal (frontal plane)?

A

Divides the body into the front and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is anterior?

A

closer to the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another word for anterior?

A

Ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is posterior?

A

closer to the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is another word for posterior?

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the horizontal plane?

A

divides the body into upper and lower parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is superior?

What are two other words for superior?

A

above aka cranial, rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is inferior? What is another word for inferior?

A

Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the horizontal plane called in imaging?

A

axial plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how is a person oriented in the horizontal plane?

A

viewing from the patients feet up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two imaging modalities that use axial slices

A

CT and MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What other slice is flipped in direction?

A

Coronal slices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Can you take coronal slices in MR?

A

No, the ones you see are post-processed

29
Q

What are the two types of x-ray views?

A

side - lateral

front - frontal

30
Q

What can’t an x-ray do?

A

cut the body

31
Q

What are the 6 anatomical regions?

A 
Chest - thorax
Stomach - abdomen
Upper extremities or limbs
Lower extremities or limbs
Head and neck
32
Q

What is a unique aspect of the hyoid bone?

A

There is more anatomy above the hyoid bone then below the hyoid bone

33
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

Neck bone

34
Q

What are the 6 body cavities?

A 
Cranial cavity 
Vertebral cavity (spinal) 
Thoracic cavity 
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
35
Q

What are the abdominal and pelvic cavity sometimes called? Why?

A

abdominopelvic cavity , there is no physical separation between them

36
Q

What is proximal?

A

closer to the root or base of the limb or the sit of attachment to the trunk

37
Q

What is distal?

A

further from parts away from the root or base of the limb

38
Q

Describe the upper limb

A
  • Shoulder
  • Arm (upper arm)
  • Elbow
  • Forearm
  • Wrist
  • Hand
39
Q

Describe the lower limb

A
  • Hip
  • Thigh
  • Knee
  • Leg (only used for calf)
  • Ankle
  • Foot
40
Q

What is flexion?

A

Body parts close together - decreases the angle between two body parts

41
Q

What is extension?

A

Body parts away from each other - increases the angle between two body parts

42
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving limbs toward the midline

43
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving limbs away from the midline

44
Q

What is pronation?

A

Palms facing down if resting on a surface

45
Q

What is supination?

A

Palms facing up, as if holding a bowl of soup

46
Q

What is a lateral (external) rotation?

A

Rotating arms away from the midline

47
Q

What is a medial (internal) rotation?

A

Rotating arms towards the midline

48
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Circular movement of the limbs

49
Q

Describe skin from superficial to deep.

A 
Stratum corneum 
Epidermus 
Dermis 
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia 
Skeletal muscle
50
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

dead skin - layer of protective covering , thicker in places like the soles of your feet than on the back of your hand

51
Q

What is epidermis?

A

Stratified (layered) squamous (flat) cells

52
Q

What is dermis (2)?

A

metabolically active layer, orientation of collagen is directional and creates langer lines

53
Q

What is superficial fascia (2)?

A

Packing material, fat

54
Q

What is deep fascia?

A

Like flat tendon, important in the lower limb for venous return

55
Q

Why are langers lines important for incisions?

A

If you cross langers lines you get poor healing and scars

56
Q

What are the two types of muscles in the superficial fascia?

A
  • Platysma muscle

- mammary gland

57
Q

What is the platysma muscle?

A

muscle in the neck important for facial movement

58
Q

What is a superficial wound?

A

penetrate superficial fascia

59
Q

What is a deep wound?

A

penetrate deep fascia and deeper

60
Q

What is a first degree burn?

A

involves the epidermis (superficial/partial thickness)

61
Q

What is a second degree burn?

A

involves the dermis as well (partial thickness/deep dermal burn)

62
Q

What is a third degree burn?

A

goes down to deep fascia (full thickness)

63
Q

How long do 1st and 2nd degree burns generally take to heal?

A

2 to 3 weeks

64
Q

How do 3rd degree burns heal?

A

only from the periphery and usually require skin grafting

65
Q

What are common complications of burns (especially 3rd degree)

A

infection and hypovolemia, which may lead to shock

66
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

loss of tissue fluid

67
Q

Build a breast from deep to superficial.

A
  • Intercostal muscle and ribs
  • Pectoralis minor muscle
  • Pectoralis major muscle
  • Superficial fascia
    - retromammary space
    - mammary gland
    - lactiferous ducts (tubular alveolar gland)
    - cooper’s ligaments
  • Skin and Nipple
68
Q

What causes a blister?

A

due to the separation of tissue and accumulation of fluid (exudation) with inflammation

DMED 511 - Foundations (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions