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Biology 1 > The Body > Flashcards

The Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the retina contain?

A

Light receptors, sensitive to different colours

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2
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

It judges distance by comparing images from each eye, the more different they are, the nearer the object

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3
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Altering the shape of the lens to focus light from objects

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4
Q

Do the ciliary muscles relax or contract to focus on distant objects?

A

The muscles relax, and the suspensory ligaments tighten, making the lens flatter

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5
Q

To focus on near objects, does the lens need to be fat or thin?

A

Fatter, because the ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments slacken

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6
Q

When the lens has a thin shape, where is the eye trying to focus?

A

Distant objects

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7
Q

What do the suspensory ligaments do?

A

Alter the shape of the lens when focusing

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8
Q

What do ciliary muscles do?

A

Control suspensory ligaments

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9
Q

What causes red-green colour blindness?

A

Lack of specialised cells in the retina

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10
Q

What are long and short sight caused by?

A

The eyeball or lens being the wrong shape

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11
Q

In long sight, is the eyeball too short or too long?

A

Too short

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12
Q

In long sight, is the lens too thin or too fat?

A

Too thin

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13
Q

What does a too short eyeball and a too thin lens cause?

A

Long sight

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14
Q

In long sight, where is the image focused?

A

Behind the retina

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15
Q

In short sight, is the eyeball too long or too thin?

A

Too long

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16
Q

When the lens is too fat, where is the image focused?

A

In front of the retina

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17
Q

How can you correct long or short sight?

A

Corneal surgery or glasses

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18
Q

What kind of lens can correct long sight?

A

A convex lens

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19
Q

What kind of lens is used to correct short sight?

A

Concave

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20
Q

What are nerve cells called?

A

Neurones

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21
Q

Where do nerve impulses pass along?

A

The axon

22
Q

How are impulses picked up?

A

Neurones are adapted to have long branched endings

23
Q

What is the gap between neurones called?

A

A synapse

24
Q

How are light rays changed by the cornea and the lens?

A

They are refracted (bent)

25
Q

The gap between neurones is a synapse- what does the arrival of an impulse trigger?

A

A transmitter substance

26
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change in the environment around you

27
Q

What are receptors?

A

Groups of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus

28
Q

What do receptors do?

A

These change stimulus energy into electrical impulses that travel through neurones

29
Q

Give an example of a stimulus?

A 
Light 
Sound
Touch
Pressure
Pain
Chemical 
Position
Temperature
30
Q

What kind of receptors do your eyes have?

A

Light receptors, these are just like any animal cells. With a nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.

31
Q

What kind of receptors do your ears have?

A

Sound receptors and balance receptors

32
Q

What kind of receptors does your nose have?

A

Smell receptors, sensitive to chemical stimuli

33
Q

What kind of receptors does your tongue have?

A

Taste receptors

34
Q

What kind of receptors does your skin have?

A

Sensitive to touch, pressure, pain and temperature change.

35
Q

What are sensory neurones?

A

These carry electrical impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.

36
Q

What are relay neurones?

A

Nerve cells that carry signals from the sensory neurones to motor neurones

37
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

Nerve cells that carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands

38
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

It’s where all the information is sent and where all reflexes and actions are coordinated

39
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

40
Q

What do neurones do?

A

Transmit information as electrical impulses to and from the central nervous system

41
Q

Where are “instructions” from the central nervous system sent to?

A

The effectors, eg muscles and glands

42
Q

What do glands do in response to a nervous impulse?

A

Secrete hormones

43
Q

What do muscles do in response to a nervous impulse?

A

Contract

44
Q

What is the connection between two neurones called?

A

A synapse

45
Q

What is the nerve signal transferred by?

A

Chemicals

46
Q

How do nerve signals move across the synapse?( the gap)

A

They diffuse

47
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Automatic responses to certain stimuli

48
Q

Why do we have reflexes?

A

To stop us being injured

49
Q

What is the passage of information in a reflex called?

A

A reflex arc

50
Q

Where do the neurones travel in a reflex arc?

A

Through the spinal cord or through an unconscious part of the brain

51
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemicals released directly into the blood

Biology 1 (3 decks)

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