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Biology 1 > Fitness and health > Flashcards

Fitness and health Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury, how is this written?

A

mmHg

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2
Q

How many measurements does blood pressure have?

A

2

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3
Q

Blood pressure is measured in 2 ways, what is the systolic pressure?

A

The maximum pressure the heart produces

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4
Q

Blood pressure is measured in two ways, what is diastolic pressure?

A

The blood pressure between heart beats

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5
Q

What increases blood pressure?

A

Stress
High alcohol intake
Smoking
High weight

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6
Q

What decreases blood pressure?

A

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

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7
Q

What happens what blood vessels burst due to high blood pressure?

A

Damage to brain
(Stroke)
Damage to kidneys

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8
Q

What does low blood pressure result in?

A

Dizziness
Fainting ( blood supply to brain reduced)
Poor circulation

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9
Q

What is fitness?

A

The ability to do physical activity

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10
Q

What is health?

A

Being free from diseases such as those caused by bacteria and viruses

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11
Q

How can your general level of fitness be measured?

A

Cardiovascular efficiency

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12
Q

How can you measure strength?

A

The amount of weights lifted

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13
Q

How can you measure flexibility?

A

The amount of joint movement

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14
Q

How can you measure stamina?

A

The time of sustained exercise

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15
Q

How can you measure agility?

A

By changing direction many times

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16
Q

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

A

Heart rate increases
(Carbon monoxide making blood carry less oxygen)
Nicotine directly increases heart rate too
(Haemoglobin combines with blood preventing blood combining with oxygen)

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17
Q

What is heart disease caused by?

A

Restricted blood flow to the heart muscle.

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18
Q

What increases heart disease?

A

High level of saturated fat in diet (resulting in a build up of cholesterol that blocks arteries)
High levels of salt

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19
Q

What causes narrowing of arteries?

A

Plaques creating blood clots or thrombosis which also blocks the artery

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20
Q

What happens when the blood vessel to the heart is blocked?

A

Blood is not flowing to the heart

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21
Q

What are the three chemicals that should be eaten in a balanced way?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

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22
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Simple sugars such as glucose

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23
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids

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24
Q

What are fats made up of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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25
Q

Where are carbohydrates stored in the body?

A

In the liver as glycogen or made into fats

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26
Q

Where are fats stored?

A

Under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue

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27
Q

Where are proteins stored in the body?

A

Trick question, they cannot be stored.

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28
Q

What is EAR?

A

EAR is the amount of proteins needed each day

Estimated average daily requirement

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29
Q

How is the EAR calculated?

A

EAR g= 0.6 X body mass kg

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30
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Swollen stomachs caused by too little protein in the diet

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31
Q

What could the EAR for protein be affected by?

A

Body mass
Age
Pregnancy
Lactation

32
Q

What are examples of “first class proteins?”

A

Meat

Fish

33
Q

What does “first class protein “ mean?

A

These are proteins that are essential yet not created by the human body

34
Q

What are “second class proteins”?

A

Proteins that do not contain all the essential amino acids

35
Q

What is a BMI?

A

Body mass index

36
Q

What is BMI used to calculate?

A

If a person is over weight or underweight

37
Q

How do you work out a BMI?

A

BMI = mass in kg ‘/. (Height in m)squared

38
Q

What is a BMI of over 30?

A

Obese

39
Q

What is a BMI of 25-30?

A

Overweight

40
Q

What is a BMI of 20-25?

A

Normal

41
Q

What is a BMI of less than 20?

A

Underweight

42
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Millimetres of mercury

43
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium

44
Q

What does plasmodium feed on?

A

Human red blood cells

45
Q

How is plasmodium carried?

A

Mosquitos

46
Q

What is the name for a parasite which carries a disease yet is not affected by it?

A

Vectors

47
Q

What is a parasite?

A

An organism that feeds on another living organism causing it harm

48
Q

How has knowledge of a mosquitos lift cycle helped to stop the spread of malaria?

A

We can now drain stagnant water (where they are born) and put oil on the surface of water (so they can’t breathe)

49
Q

How can you reduce the risk of lung cancer?

A

Don’t smoke

50
Q

How do you reduce the chance of skin cancer?

A

Use sunscreen

51
Q

What kind of tumour is harmless?

A

Benign

52
Q

What is an example of a benign tumour?

A

A wart

53
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

Rumours that grow and spread

54
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing organism

55
Q

How are symptoms of an infectious disease produced?

A

Pathogens damaging body cells or producing poisonous waste products called toxins

56
Q

How does a body protect itself from pathogens?

A

Creating antibodies

57
Q

How do antibodies work?

A

They lock into antigens (on the surface of pathogens) to kill them

58
Q

What produces antibodies?

A

Human white blood cells

59
Q

What do antibodies result in?

A

Active immunity

60
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Vaccinations

61
Q

Does an antibody kill any pathogen?

A

No each pathogen is different

62
Q

What do memory cells do?

A

Remain in the body to provide long lasting immunity to a disease

63
Q

Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are ….
Specific?
Not specific?

A

Specific.
One against bacteria and fungi
The other against viruses

64
Q

What does an antibiotic do?

A

Destroys a pathogen

65
Q

What does an antiviral drug do?

A

Slow down the pathogens development

66
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A harmless pill

67
Q

What is a blind trial?

A

Patients not knowing whether they are being given a real pill or a placebo

68
Q

What does excessive use of antibiotics result in?

A

Resistant forms of bacteria being more common

69
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Release energy

70
Q

What do fats do?

A

Keep you warm and release energy

71
Q

What does protein do?

A

Growth
Cell repair
Cell replacement

72
Q

What does fibre do?

A

Help you shit mate

73
Q

Vaccinations are injections of dead or …… Microorganisms?

A

Inactive

74
Q

What is a resistant strain?

A

Resistant bacteria that is no longer affected by antibiotics that can cause serious infection

75
Q

What is a culture medium?

A

Usually agar jelly with all the vitamins and minerals needed to grow microorganisms

Biology 1 (3 decks)

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