Fitness and health

Question 1

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury, how is this written?

Answer 1

mmHg

Question 2

How many measurements does blood pressure have?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Blood pressure is measured in 2 ways, what is the systolic pressure?

Answer 3

The maximum pressure the heart produces

Question 4

Blood pressure is measured in two ways, what is diastolic pressure?

Answer 4

The blood pressure between heart beats

Question 5

What increases blood pressure?

Answer 5

Stress
High alcohol intake
Smoking
High weight

Question 6

What decreases blood pressure?

Answer 6

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

Question 7

What happens what blood vessels burst due to high blood pressure?

Answer 7

Damage to brain
(Stroke)
Damage to kidneys

Question 8

What does low blood pressure result in?

Answer 8

Dizziness
Fainting ( blood supply to brain reduced)
Poor circulation

Question 9

What is fitness?

Answer 9

The ability to do physical activity

Question 10

What is health?

Answer 10

Being free from diseases such as those caused by bacteria and viruses

Question 11

How can your general level of fitness be measured?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular efficiency

Question 12

How can you measure strength?

Answer 12

The amount of weights lifted

Question 13

How can you measure flexibility?

Answer 13

The amount of joint movement

Question 14

How can you measure stamina?

Answer 14

The time of sustained exercise

Question 15

How can you measure agility?

Answer 15

By changing direction many times

Question 16

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

Answer 16

Heart rate increases
(Carbon monoxide making blood carry less oxygen)
Nicotine directly increases heart rate too
(Haemoglobin combines with blood preventing blood combining with oxygen)

Question 17

What is heart disease caused by?

Answer 17

Restricted blood flow to the heart muscle.

Question 18

What increases heart disease?

Answer 18

High level of saturated fat in diet (resulting in a build up of cholesterol that blocks arteries)
High levels of salt

Question 19

What causes narrowing of arteries?

Answer 19

Plaques creating blood clots or thrombosis which also blocks the artery

Question 20

What happens when the blood vessel to the heart is blocked?

Answer 20

Blood is not flowing to the heart

Question 21

What are the three chemicals that should be eaten in a balanced way?

Answer 21

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

Question 22

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 22

Simple sugars such as glucose

Question 23

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 23

Amino acids

Question 24

What are fats made up of?

Answer 24

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 25

Where are carbohydrates stored in the body?

Answer 25

In the liver as glycogen or made into fats

Question 26

Where are fats stored?

Answer 26

Under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue

Question 27

Where are proteins stored in the body?

Answer 27

Trick question, they cannot be stored.

Question 28

What is EAR?

Answer 28

EAR is the amount of proteins needed each day | Estimated average daily requirement

Question 29

How is the EAR calculated?

Answer 29

EAR g= 0.6 X body mass kg

Question 30

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 30

Swollen stomachs caused by too little protein in the diet

Question 31

What could the EAR for protein be affected by?

Answer 31

Body mass Age Pregnancy Lactation

Question 32

What are examples of "first class proteins?"

Answer 32

Meat | Fish

Question 33

What does "first class protein " mean?

Answer 33

These are proteins that are essential yet not created by the human body

Question 34

What are "second class proteins"?

Answer 34

Proteins that do not contain all the essential amino acids

Question 35

What is a BMI?

Answer 35

Body mass index

Question 36

What is BMI used to calculate?

Answer 36

If a person is over weight or underweight

Question 37

How do you work out a BMI?

Answer 37

BMI = mass in kg '/. (Height in m)squared

Question 38

What is a BMI of over 30?

Answer 38

Obese

Question 39

What is a BMI of 25-30?

Answer 39

Overweight

Question 40

What is a BMI of 20-25?

Answer 40

Normal

Question 41

What is a BMI of less than 20?

Answer 41

Underweight

Question 42

What is blood pressure measured in?

Answer 42

Millimetres of mercury

Question 43

What causes malaria?

Answer 43

Plasmodium

Question 44

What does plasmodium feed on?

Answer 44

Human red blood cells

Question 45

How is plasmodium carried?

Answer 45

Mosquitos

Question 46

What is the name for a parasite which carries a disease yet is not affected by it?

Answer 46

Vectors

Question 47

What is a parasite?

Answer 47

An organism that feeds on another living organism causing it harm

Question 48

How has knowledge of a mosquitos lift cycle helped to stop the spread of malaria?

Answer 48

We can now drain stagnant water (where they are born) and put oil on the surface of water (so they can't breathe)

Question 49

How can you reduce the risk of lung cancer?

Answer 49

Don't smoke

Question 50

How do you reduce the chance of skin cancer?

Answer 50

Use sunscreen

Question 51

What kind of tumour is harmless?

Answer 51

Benign

Question 52

What is an example of a benign tumour?

Answer 52

A wart

Question 53

What is a malignant tumour?

Answer 53

Rumours that grow and spread

Question 54

What is a pathogen?

Answer 54

A disease causing organism

Question 55

How are symptoms of an infectious disease produced?

Answer 55

Pathogens damaging body cells or producing poisonous waste products called toxins

Question 56

How does a body protect itself from pathogens?

Answer 56

Creating antibodies

Question 57

How do antibodies work?

Answer 57

They lock into antigens (on the surface of pathogens) to kill them

Question 58

What produces antibodies?

Answer 58

Human white blood cells

Question 59

What do antibodies result in?

Answer 59

Active immunity

Question 60

What is passive immunity?

Answer 60

Vaccinations

Question 61

Does an antibody kill any pathogen?

Answer 61

No each pathogen is different

Question 62

What do memory cells do?

Answer 62

Remain in the body to provide long lasting immunity to a disease

Question 63

Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are .... Specific? Not specific?

Answer 63

Specific. One against bacteria and fungi The other against viruses

Question 64

What does an antibiotic do?

Answer 64

Destroys a pathogen

Question 65

What does an antiviral drug do?

Answer 65

Slow down the pathogens development

Question 66

What is a placebo?

Answer 66

A harmless pill

Question 67

What is a blind trial?

Answer 67

Patients not knowing whether they are being given a real pill or a placebo

Question 68

What does excessive use of antibiotics result in?

Answer 68

Resistant forms of bacteria being more common

Question 69

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 69

Release energy

Question 70

What do fats do?

Answer 70

Keep you warm and release energy

Question 71

What does protein do?

Answer 71

Growth Cell repair Cell replacement

Question 72

What does fibre do?

Answer 72

Help you shit mate

Question 73

Vaccinations are injections of dead or ...... Microorganisms?

Answer 73

Inactive

Question 74

What is a resistant strain?

Answer 74

Resistant bacteria that is no longer affected by antibiotics that can cause serious infection

Question 75

What is a culture medium?

Answer 75

Usually agar jelly with all the vitamins and minerals needed to grow microorganisms