The Blueprint Of Life from DNA To Protein

Question 1

What is genetics

Answer 1

The study of heredity

Question 2

What is molecular biology?

Answer 2

the science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis and how their
function tells the cell when to complete certain task

Question 3

What is genome

Answer 3

The sum of all DNA in the cell

Question 4

What is a chromosome

Answer 4

The biggest and most important piece of your cells, the primary piece of DNA essential for the bacteria

Question 5

How can plamysid

Answer 5

coding anti microbial help the bacteria live under certain circumstance

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

is the instruction that tells the cell contains also intersection to make protein and other products

Question 7

What is genes

Answer 7

Selction of DNA that code for a functional product

Question 8

What is DNA

Answer 8

Has 4 nitrogenous bags ACTG
sugar base deixoyrbose

Question 9

What happens when we have organic bases

Answer 9

will number it fro 1’ to 5’

Question 10

In DNA what does T goes with

Answer 10

A

Question 11

In DnA what does C goes with

Answer 11

G

Question 12

How are the DNA strands running to eachother

Answer 12

Antiparelle

Question 13

Why is it running antiparelle

Answer 13

Its the only way the can fit properly

Question 14

Here the sequence of one strand
determine its complementary strand :

5’-AATTCCGG-3’

Answer 14

3’-TTAAGGCC-5’

Question 15

What is the 5’ reference to

Answer 15

Phosphate

Question 16

what is the 3’ reference to

Answer 16

hydroxyl

Question 17

How does the DNA strand gets hold up together ?

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonds with A-T bases having two hydrogen bonds between them and G-C having three hydrogen bond

Question 18

What is the term phosphosdiester bond

Answer 18

Its where the nucleotides are linked

Question 19

In which direction are protein translated

Answer 19

from 5’ - 3’

Question 20

What is DNA replication

Answer 20

when you have one cell when it wants to become two cells it will have to copy its DNA which is termed DNA replication

Question 21

What is gene expression

Answer 21

Its a process where we use DNA to make proteins from transcription/ translation gene expression

Question 22

Horionztal mouvement of DNA refers to what

Answer 22

sex pillies, how they can move DNA plasmids from one cell to another, or we can have DNA recombining with itself

Question 23

What is DNA replication and which process is it and how does it work

Answer 23

first process Mechnaism from which the cell is going to copy its DNA out between cell, we take our Long piece of DNA and pull it apart to generate a piece of single stranded DNA

Question 24

which molecule will make a replamcent of the second strand for DNA

Answer 24

DNA polymerase and it will do that to make a complementartity new strand

Question 25

What are replication forks

Answer 25

the site of DNA production and it is based upon the complementary synthesis strand

Question 26

What is primer

Answer 26

short piece of RNA that's introduce by the enzyme primase short complementary note (not made of DNA into;;y )

Question 27

What will the DNA do in relation to the primer

Answer 27

DNA will grab on the the primase and extend and will start seeing that complementary synthesis

Question 28

What happens when the primase stage is over

Answer 28

Will have separate enzyme that will come in and remove that piece of RNA and use Ligase which is enzyme that seals everything together

Question 29

What is a Okazaki fragment

Answer 29

the gap between the primer

Question 30

What is gene expression

Answer 30

is the conversion of genetic material into functional material

Question 31

What is transcription

Answer 31

comping dna strand into piece of RNA

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

When RNA is decoded to make protein

Question 33

The following DNA strand into RNA 5' - AATTCCGG-3'

Answer 33

mRna3'- UUAAGGCC-5'

Question 34

In RNA what base pairs with A

Answer 34

Uricle

Question 35

What is the messenger RNA

Answer 35

carries information for the instruction of the cell for a specific protein

Question 36

what is the ribosome RNAN

Answer 36

forms parts of the ribosome

Question 37

tRNA

Answer 37

transfer specific amino acids

Question 38

How does transcription work ?

Answer 38

RNA polymerase binds to the gene at specific site called the promote melt it creat a little bubble of opened DNAof single stranded DNA and start synthesizing RNA nly one DNA strand is copied – the template * The template is read in the 3' → 5' direction so that RNA can be made in the 5' → 3' direction. anti parole

Question 39

What is elongation

Answer 39

2. Elongation * RNA polymerase moves along the template synthesizing new RNA * Allows the DNA to rewind behind it

Question 40

what is Termination

Answer 40

Termination * When RNA polymerase encounters the terminator (end of the gene) it falls off the template and releases the newly synthesized RNA.

Question 41

What must the information form MRNA do

Answer 41

Information in mRNA must be translated to make proteins

Question 42

What is the nucleotide triplet

Answer 42

Organized into sets of 3 nucleotides – codons * Each codon specifies an amino acid to be added during protein synthesis * ex. GGC specifies the amino acid glycine

Question 43

What are the stop coding

Answer 43

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 44

intuition for the formation of a codon

Answer 44

1. Initiation * A ribosome assembles on the mRNA * a tRNA carrying the amino acid formyl- methionine enters the P site (peptidyl) specified by the codon in the A site (aminoacyl) * The ribosome joins the amino acids together by a peptide bond.

Question 45

What is the step of elongation

Answer 45

ribosome moves a distance of one codon down the mRNA Forms a polypeptide * Elongation continues until a “stop codon” is reached.

Question 46

What is termination

Answer 46

When a stop codon enters the A site, the ribosome disassembles and releases the polypeptide