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Biology > The Blood System > Flashcards

The Blood System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the job of the coronary arteries?

A

To supply the heart with the blood containing sugars and oxygen that give it the energy to keep on pumping.

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2
Q

What blocks the coronary arteries?

A

Cholesterol

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3
Q

What happens when the arteries become blocked?

A

The arteries narrow so less blood can flow through meaning less sugar, glucose and oxygen can get to the heart.

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4
Q

What is a stent?

A

A stent is a wire mesh device that’s used to open up a blood vessel that is blocked restoring the blood flow to the heart.

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5
Q

What are the red blood vessels in your heart called?

A

The coronary artery

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6
Q

What are the top two chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left atrium

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7
Q

What are the bottom two chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left ventricle

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8
Q

How do the atrium and ventricles pump blood in and out of the heart?

A

The atria fills up with blood.
The atriums then contract and force blood into the ventricles.
The ventricles will then contract to force blood out.

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9
Q

What are valves?

A

Valves are in the heart and are used to make sure blood flows in the right direction.

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10
Q

What is the labels of each tube from right side to left side of heart?

A

Vena cava, Pulmonary artery, Aorta, Pulmonary vein

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11
Q

Where does the blood go when it’s travels into the pulmonary artery?

A

The blood travels to the lungs then though the pulmonary vein and back into the heart.

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12
Q

Where does the blood travel after the aorta?

A

The blood goes all round the body then through the vena cava and back into the heart.

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13
Q

Why is the blood flowing through the vena cava deoxygenated?

A

As the blood has used up all it’s oxygen in the body.

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14
Q

What is the blood flowing through the pulmonary vein called?

A

Oxygenated blood

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15
Q

How many layers do arteries have?

A

Two layers.

One thick layer of muscle and one layer of elastic tissue.

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16
Q

Why do the artery walls need to be so thick?

A

To withstand the pressure from the blood flow.

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17
Q

How many layers do veins have?

A

Two layers.

One of muscle and one of elastic tissue.

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18
Q

What are the differences between veins and arteries?

A

Arteries have a thicker layer of muscle.

Arteries are also a more rounded shape than veins.

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19
Q

Describe a capillary

A

They are narrow, thin walled blood vessels.

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20
Q

Why are capillaries so narrow?

A

So they can penetrate deep down into the tissue and get very close to the cells.

21
Q

Why do capillaries need to be close to the cells?

A

So they can supply blood to the cells and carry away any waste substances.

22
Q

Name substances capillaries can supply to cells.

A

Oxygen, amino acids and glucose.

23
Q

Name waste substances capillaries can pick up from cells.

A

Carbon dioxide and urea.

24
Q

What makes up the blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets suspended in plasma.

25
Q

What is the job of a red blood cell?

A

To transport oxygen

26
Q

How are red blood cells specialised to carry out their job?

A

They have no nucleus so more haemoglobin can be stored and to have a large surface area.

27
Q

What is the job of haemoglobin?

A

It carries the oxygen in the red blood cells.

28
Q

What substance does haemoglobin become when exposed to high concentrations oxygen?

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

29
Q

What happens to oxyhaemoglobin in the cells around the body?

A

It’s splits up into oxygen and haemoglobin, the haemoglobin stays in the red blood cells and the oxygen goes into body cells where it’s needed for respiration.

30
Q

Where does haemoglobin become oxyhaemoglobin?

A

In the lungs or where there is a high concentration of oxygen.

31
Q

What is the job of the white blood cell?

A

To defend the body from bacteria or viruses or microorganisms that might infect the body.

32
Q

What are platelets?

A

Fragments of cells.

33
Q

What is the job of the platelets?

A

They help the blood to clot when there has been a cut by blocking it.

34
Q

What is the fluid in the blood called?

A

The plasma.

35
Q

What are the jobs of the plasma?

A

To transport carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs.
To transport substances that have been absorbed through digestion such as amino acids and sugars.
To transport urea from the liver to the kidneys.

36
Q

Where is urea produced?

A

In the liver.

37
Q

What is urea made from?

A

Extra amino acids which are broken down in the liver.

38
Q

Where is urea transported?

A

From the liver to the kidneys through the plasma in the blood.

39
Q

What happens to the urea in the kidneys?

A

The kidneys filters out the urea which will then be taken out of the body through urine.

40
Q

What are the key dissolved substances the blood carries?

A

Glucose to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

41
Q

When and why is artificial blood needed?

A

When there is a great loss of blood or during surgery so it allows the body to make up the blood which was lost and start producing its own blood again.

42
Q

Why is there more of a demand for artificial blood over normal blood donors?

A

Lack of donors.
Have to find the blood that is compatible to your blood type.
Risk of infection.

43
Q

Advantages of artificial blood?

A

Not needing to check blood types before transfusion.
Can be stored for a long time.
No risk of disease.

44
Q

Disadvantages of artificial blood?

A

May have side effects so could cause health problems.

It is insoluble so hard to dissolve into the blood.

45
Q

Disadvantages of heart transplants?

A

Lack of donors.

Long wait for transplant.

46
Q

Advantages of artificial hearts?

A

Extends life (allowing time for a real donor to be found)

47
Q

Disadvantages of an artificial heart?

A

Low success rate.
Risk of infection.
Risk of blood clotting.
Battery needs to be regularly changed.

48
Q

Describe the arteries, capillaries and veins.

A

Arteries - these carry the blood away from the heart.
Capillaries - these are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues.
Veins - these carry the blood to the heart.

Biology (6 decks)

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