The Biology Of The Brain

Question 1

Motor Neurons

Answer 1

Communicate information to the muscles and glands of the body

Question 2

Sensory Neurons

Answer 2

Conveys environmental information to the brain from receptor cells in sense organs

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

Communicate information between neurons

Question 4

Excitatory Neurons

Answer 4

Messages from presynaptic neurons that increase the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron activating and generating action potential

Question 5

Inhibitory Neurons

Answer 5

Messages from presynaptic neurons that decrease the likelihood of the post synaptic neuron activating and generating action potential

Question 6

Glial Cells

Answer 6

Provide structural support along the nervous system

Question 7

Microglia

Answer 7

Removes wastes from the nervous system

Question 8

Astrocytes

Answer 8

Provides connections between neurons and blood vessels

Question 9

Oligodendrocytes & Schwann Cells

Answer 9

Glial Cells that form the myelin sheath

Question 10

Myelin Sheath

Answer 10

Fatty covering that’s wrapped around the axons of some neurons

Question 11

Cell Body

Answer 11

Provides the neuron with energy and contains the cells DNA

Question 12

Stimulus Threshold

Answer 12

The minimum level of stimulation that a neuron needs to be activated

Question 13

Polarization

Answer 13

While waiting for activation the electrical charge on the interior of the neuron differs from that of the interior, due to different concentrations of sodium and potassium ions

Question 14

Synaptic Vessels

Answer 14

Tiny sacs floating in the interior fluid of the axon terminal; contains neurotransmitters

Question 15

Synapse

Answer 15

The communication junction between two neurons

Question 16

Synaptic Gap

Answer 16

The liquid filled space that separates presynaptic neurons from postsynaptic neurons

Question 17

Axon Terminals

Answer 17

Small branches on the ends of axons

Question 18

Action Potential

Answer 18

Messages gathered by the dendrites that are transmitted along the axon in the form of a brief electric impulse; produced by the movement of +- ions across the axon membrane