The Biological Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Everything psychological is at first

A

Biological

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2
Q

If we want to fully understand human behaviour we must look to

A

Biological structures and processes within the body such as…
Genes
Neurochemistry
The nervous system

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3
Q

Behaviours are inherited in the same way as

A

Physical characteristics such as height or eye colour

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4
Q

What gene is implicated for OCD

A

5HT1-D

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5
Q

Neurochemistry also explains behaviour, for example

A

Low levels of serotonin in OCD

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6
Q

From a biological perspective, the mind lives in the

A

Brain - meaning that all thoughts, feelings and behaviours ultimately have a physical basis

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7
Q

Thoughts, feelings and behaviour having a physical basis is a contrast to the

A

Cognitive approach which sees the mind as separate from the brain

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8
Q

Concordance rates between twins are calculated

A

The extent to which twins share the same characteristics

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9
Q

Higher concordance rates among identical twins than non-identical twins is evidence of

A

A genetic basis

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10
Q

MZ twins

A

Monozygotic

100% DNA

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11
Q

DZ twins

A

Dizygotic twins

50% DNA

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12
Q

A persons genotype is their

A

Actual genetic makeup

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13
Q

Phenotype is the way that genes are

A

Expressed through physical behavioural and psychological characteristics

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14
Q

The expression of genotype (phenotype) is influenced by

A

Environmental factors

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15
Q

Human behaviour depends on the interaction of

A

Nature and nurture

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16
Q

Charles Darwin Date

17
Q

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of

A

Natural selection

18
Q

Any genetically determined behaviour that enhances both

A

Survival and reproduction will be passed on to future generations

19
Q

Genes that give offspring an advantage are described as

20
Q

In order to investigate the genetic and biological basis of behaviour

A

The biological approach makes use of a range of precise and highly scientific methods

21
Q

These precise and scientific methods and techniques include

A

Scanning techniques (fMRIs) and drug trials

22
Q

It is possible to accurately measure biological and neural processes in ways

A

That are not open to bias

23
Q

The biological approach creates reliable data because

A

It’s methods are not open to bias

24
Q

Increased understanding of biochemical processes in the brain has led to

A

The developmental psychoactive drugs that treat serious mental orders such as depression

25
Although not all drugs help everyone
They have revolutionised treatment for many
26
Psychoactive drugs are a strength of the approach because it means that sufferers are able to
Live a relatively normal life rather than in hospital
27
The role of neurotransmitters in mental illness comes from
Studies that show a particular drug reduces symptoms of the disorder by changing levels of neurotransmitter
28
Study’s assume that the neurotransmitter is
The cause
29
The role of neurotransmitters and the assumption that neurotransmitters cause mental illness is a weakness because
The biological approach is claiming to have discovered a cause when only an association exists
30
What kind of view does the biological approach have?
It has a deterministic view of behaviour as it sees human behaviour as governed by internal, biological causes over which we have no control over
31
Does the legal system support or disagree with the biological approach?
It disagrees as it sees people as responsible for their behaviour instead of being controlled by internal biological causes
32
What would cause the legal system to agree with the biological approach
The discovery of a ‘criminal gene’
33
Research into a criminal gene may have
Wider implications for society as criminals will be excusable for their behaviour
34
Identical twins, non-identical twins and members of the same family all have
Genetic similarities so any similarity in the way they behave must be genetic from a biological perspective
35
The fact that family members are exposed to similar environmental conditions is an important
Confounding variable