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SCIENCE 10: Physics > The Big Bang Theory > Flashcards

The Big Bang Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Proposed an infinite universe filled with ether, and suggested planets outside of the Solar System

A

Giordano Bruno

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2
Q

First spacecraft to enter the interstellar space and the farthest human-made object from Earth

A

Voyager 1

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3
Q

Voyager 1 to Jupiter

A

March 5 1979

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4
Q

Voyager 1 to Saturn

A

November 12 1980

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5
Q

Voyager 2 to Jupiter

A

July 9 1979

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6
Q

Voyager 2 to Saturn

A

August 25 1981

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7
Q

True or False

Voyager 2 was launched earlier but Voyager 1 reached Jupiter first

A

True

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8
Q

What does the Golden Record contain

A

sound and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth

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9
Q

Who headed in designing the Golden Record

A

Carl Sagan

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10
Q

When was the planetary disk around Beta Pictoris observed

A

1984

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11
Q

First observations of a real exoplanet is observed using ____ and when was it observed

A

radial velocity method, 1988

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12
Q

Who detected the fist confirmed exoplanet and when was it detected

A

Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail, 1992

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13
Q

Who identified the first galaxies in the 17th century

A

Charles Meisser

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14
Q

Who studied the Andromeda “Nebula”

A

Edwin Hubble

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15
Q

Cepheid Variable Stars

A

Change brightness periodically

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16
Q

Observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from the Earth at speeds proportional to the distance

A

Hubble’s Law

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17
Q

Apparent red-shift (elongation) in the wavelength of their wave, implying that the source is moving away, and that the universe is expanding

A

Doppler Effect

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18
Q

The concept that the brightness of a star dims when a planet passes in front of it

A

Transit Light Curve

19
Q

There was a primordial object that expanded to be what we know as observable universe; singularity

A

Big Bang Theory

20
Q

Cosmological model of the universe that describes its beginnings and its evolution.

A

Big Bang Theory

21
Q

Interpreted data from Hubble and other as evidence of an expanding universe and said that if the galaxies are moving away from each other they must have started out together in what he called the “primeval atom”

A

George Lemaitre

22
Q

Earliest known period of the Universe

From zero to approximately 10^-43 seconds

All matter was condensed on an infinite density dingle point with extremely high temperature

A

Planck Epoch

23
Q

1 Planck Length

A

10^-35

24
Q

1 Planck Temperature

A

10^32

25
Q

From 10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds

Force of Gravity separates from the other fundamental forces

Earliest elementary particle and antiparticle begin to appear

A

Grand Unification Epoch

26
Q

From 10^-36 to 10^-32 seconds

Separation of the strong nuclear force

Rapid exponential expansion, known as cosmic inflation

Universe was filled uniformly with a high-energy density (scalar field)

A

Inflation Epoch

27
Q

From 10^-32 to 10^-12 seconds

Creation of exotic particles and the W and Z Boson

A

Electroweak Epoch

28
Q

particle travelling faster than light

A

Tachyons

29
Q

travel near the speed of light, no electrical charge when they pass through matter

A

Neutrinos

30
Q

From 10^-12 to 10^-6 seconds

Quarks, electrons, and neutrinos form in large numbers as the universe cools off to below 10 quadrillion degrees

four fundamental forces assume their present forms

A

Quark Epoch

31
Q

Surplus of quarks about one for every billion pair survive which ultimately combine to form matter

A

Biogenesis

32
Q

From 10^-6 to 1 second

Quarks combine and form hadrons (proton and neutron)

A

Hadron Epoch

33
Q

From 1 second to 3 minutes

Leptons and antileptons dominate the mass of the universe

As electrons and protons collide and annihilate each other, energy in the form of photons is freed up

A

Lepton Epoch

34
Q

From 3 minutes to 20 minutes

Atomic nuclei combine through nuclear fusion to form nuclei of simple elements

A

Nucleosynthesis

35
Q

From 20 minutes to 240,000 years

The universe is filled with plasma, hot soup of atomic nuclei and electrons

A

Photon Epoch

36
Q

From 240,000 years to 300,000 years

Ionized hydrogen and helium atoms capture electrons thus neutralizing their charges

By the end of the period, the universe consists of about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with few traces of other elements or matter

A

Recombination/Decouping

37
Q

From 300,000 years to 150 million years

The period after the formation of the first atoms and before the first stars

A

Dark Age/Era

38
Q

From 150 million years to 1 billion years

Quasars are formed and their emitted radiation re-ionizes the surrounding universe

A

Reionization

39
Q

From 300 million to 500 million years

Gravity amplifies the density of the primordial gas and pockets of gas more and more dense

These small, dense clouds of cosmic gas start to collapse under their own gravity, becoming hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen atoms, creating the very first stars

A

Stars and Galaxy Formation

40
Q

From 8.5 – 9 billion years

Formed around the sun roughly 4.5 to 5 billion years ago

A

Solar System Formation

41
Q

13.7 billion years after the Big Bang

A

Today

42
Q

an electromagnetic radiation which is a remnant of the early stage of the universe

Used to determine the age of the universe

A

Cosmic Microwave Background

43
Q

Common Misconceptions about the Big Bang Theory

A

There was no “Bang”

It has nothing to say about the place where the pea-sized volume of space and building block of matter is located

No information regarding the time before the Big Bang

Matter does not expand due to the Big Bang, only space expands

Matter refers not only to atoms and radiation but also to Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Red-shift is due to the expansion of the universe

SCIENCE 10: Physics (3 decks)

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