1
Q

What contrast was there between East and West Berlin?

A
  • Living standards were tolerable in the East
  • However in the West, East Germans could see the prize exhibits of capitalist West Germany
  • E.g. shops full of goods, great freedom, great wealth and variety
  • This had been done deliberately by the Western powers and they’d poured massive investment into Berlin
  • East Germans could watch West German television
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2
Q

Did people begin to leave East Germany and move to the West?

A

Yes, in the late 1950s thousands left and never came back as they could travel freely between the East and West. It was very tempting for many to leave, especially with a harsh communist regime and hardline leader in the East - Walter Ulbricht.

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3
Q

What type of people were leaving East Germany?

A

Often very highly skilled workers or well-qualified managers - high-quality people.

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4
Q

Who became the new president of American in 1961?

A

Kennedy, who was young and inexperienced

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5
Q

13 August 1961

A
  • East German soldiers erected a barbed-wire barrier along the entire frontier between East and West Berlin, ending all free movement from East to West
  • Quickly replaced by a concrete wall
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6
Q

What was Checkpoint Charlie?

A

All the crossing points from East to West Berlin were sealed, expect for one (known as Checkpoint Charlie)

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7
Q

What chaos ensued with the Berlin Wall?

A
  • Families were divided
  • Berliners were unable to go to work
  • Border guards kept a constant look-out for anyone trying to cross the wall
  • They would shoot people trying to defect
  • Hundreds were killed over the next three decades
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8
Q

What were the outcomes of the Berlin Wall crisis?

A
  • Access to East Berlin had been guaranteed to the Allies since 1945
  • In October 1961 US diplomats and troops crossed regularly into East Berlin to find out how the Soviets would react
  • On 27 October Soviet tanks pulled up to Checkpoint Charlie and refused to allow any further access to the East
  • All day, US and Soviet tanks, fully armed, faced each other in tense stand-offs
  • After 18 hours, one by one, five metres at a time, the tanks pulled back
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9
Q

What was the Berlin Wall a symbol of?

A

A symbol of division - the division of Germany, Europe and communist East and democratic West.

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10
Q

How did East Berlin present the wall?

A

The communist presented the wall as a protective shell around East Berlin.

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11
Q

How did West Berlin present the wall?

A

As a prison wall

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12
Q

Was the wall between East and West Germany?

A

No, between East and West Berlin.

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