The Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Define the Behaviourist approach

Answer 1

A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

Question 2

Define Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

Answer 2

Learning by association, occurs when an unconditioned stimulus (ucs) and a neutral stimulus (ns) eventually both produce the same response

Question 3

Define Operant conditioning (Skinner)

Answer 3

Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences

Question 4

State 3 behaviourist assumptions

Answer 4

-Only studied behaviour that can be measured and observed
-There are no mental processes
-In a controlled lab, removing extraneous variables
-Babies minds are a ‘blank slate’ to be written on by experience
-All behaviour is learned

Question 5

Explain Classical Conditioning demonstrated by Pavlov

Answer 5

Learning through association, showed how dogs can be conditioned to salivate to a bell sound (ns) if repeatedly rang at the same time food is presented - eliciting a new conditioned response

Question 6

Explain Operant conditioning demonstrated by Skinner

Answer 6

Behaviour is shaped by its consequences, if a rat is rewarded when it presses a lever, this behaviour is reinforced and more likely to be repeated

Question 7

Give an example of positive reinforcement and positive punishment

Answer 7

Reinforcement: chocolate after tidying room
Punishment: yelling at a child for bad behaviour

Question 8

Give an example of negative reinforcement and negative punishment

Answer 8

Reinforcement: completing school work in time so you don’t get told off
Punishment: taking away a toy when a child misbehaves