The Battle of Crecy (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

How far back could you take the origins of the Battle of Crécy and why? (3)

A
  • The seeds of the Battle of Crecy were sown on the slopes of Senlac ridge at the Battle of Hastings.
  • From that moment England and Normandy were connected
  • The long struggle over the Angevin Empire and ultimately the crown of France began.
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2
Q

Why is the battle famous in England? (2)

A
  • The battle was, for England, one of the ‘high points’ of the Hundred Years’ War (1) (1337-1453) (1)
  • It saw, for the first time, the triumph of the longbow on a European battlefield. (1)
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3
Q

Which two military battles had Edward III had success at before Crécy (2) & what was the significance of both? (2)

A
  • The Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333
  • This made him ready to respond to a direct threat from the King of France in 1336.
  • The Battle of Sluys in 1340
  • It was a victory at sea and gave Edward of the channel and safe passage to France.
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4
Q

Why was raising an army difficult for the two sides? (1)

A
  • Shortage of money
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5
Q

How did Edward raise money for the war? (2)

A
  • He promised Lords/barons plunder and ransom through chevaucheés
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6
Q

What was a chevauchée? (2)

A
  • A raid, usually on horseback, to plunder (steal goods) an area.
  • It was not to take land, but to ‘lay waste’ to an area.
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7
Q

Why did Edward look to use longbow men in his army? (2)

A
  • Lightly armed archers were a more effective fighting force

- Observing ‘chivalry’ meant losing battle

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8
Q

Why did the French detest the longbow men in the English army? (1)

A
  • They regarded using archers as front line troops as unsporting
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9
Q

What type of long range troops did the French often use? (1)

A
  • Crossbowmen
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10
Q

How did Edward prepare his army for the campaign? (4)

A
  • Edward’s planning for the campaign was unusually professional for the times.
  • There was physical training
  • Compulsory archery practice
  • The manufacture of large numbers of bows and arrows.
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11
Q

How many troops did Edward mobilise on the south coast of England? (1)

A
  • 14,000
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12
Q

Where did Edward’s invasion force land? (2)

A
  • At St. Vaast on the Cotentin Peninsular in Normandy.
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13
Q

What did Edward’s army do on the march through Normandy? (2)

A
  • They plundered and terrorised the local population (1) on the way to Paris (1)
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14
Q

How did the French respond to Edward’s march through Normandy? (2)

A
  • By raising a numerically greater army

- They began to pursue the English as they moved west.

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15
Q

How did the English army evade disaster near the River Somme before the Battle of Crecy? (2)

A
  • They captured a Frenchman named Gobin Agache

- Gobin told them about a ford over the river at Blanchetaque.

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16
Q

Who led the fight against the English at the ford at Blanchetaque? (1)

A
  • Sir Godemar du Fay
17
Q

Why was finding the ford such an important part of Edward’s march? (2)

A
  • It gave the English time to find a high defensive position near the village of Crécy.
18
Q

Name 5 commanders in the English army other than Edward III? (5)

A
  • Edward Woodstock (the Black Prince)
  • Prince of Wales
  • Earl of Oxford
  • Earl of Warwick
  • Sir John Chandos
  • The Earl of Northampton.
19
Q

How were the English positioned and formed before the battle started? (3)

A
  • Black Prince’s division on right
  • The Earl of Northampton’s unit on the left
  • The rest in between
20
Q

On what was Edward III positioned and why? (2)

A
  • A windmill (1) that gave him a superb view of the battlefield. (1)