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Anatomy > The Basics: Positioning, Directionality, Movement, Axes, and Laterality > Flashcards

The Basics: Positioning, Directionality, Movement, Axes, and Laterality Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect w/ feet on the floor
Arms at the side w/ palms facing forward
Head, feet, and palms facing forward
Reference position

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2
Q

Terminology Used Relative to Anatomical Position

A 
Directional terms
Terms of laterality 
Depth
Body positioning 
Movement 
Planes of imaging
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3
Q

Axes

A

Vertical and Oblique

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4
Q

Vertical Axes

A

Comprised of 4 Regions:

  1. Cephalic
  2. Cervical
  3. Thoracic
  4. Abdominal
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5
Q

Oblique Axis

A

2 Limb Regions: upper and lower

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6
Q

Directional Terms (Vertical Axis)

A 
Superior/Cranial/Cephalic
Inferior/Caudal
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
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7
Q

Superior/Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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8
Q

Inferior/Caudal

A

Toward the feet

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9
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Toward the front of the body

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10
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Toward the back of the body

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11
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Directional Terms (Oblique Axis)

A

Proximal

Distal

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part part or point of attachment of the limb to the trunk
Ex: shoulder joint is proximal to the elbow

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15
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of the limb to the trunk
Ex: the foot is distal to the knee

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16
Q

Regionally Specific Directional Terms

A

Hand - Anterior surface (palmar) // Posterior surface (dorsal)
Foot - Sole of the foot (plantar) // Top of the foot (dorsal)

17
Q

Bilateral

A

Paired structures (structures for which there is both a right and a left)

18
Q

Unilateral

A

Describing one side of the body

19
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Structures on the SAME side of the body

20
Q

Contralateral

A

Structures on OPPOSITE sides of the body

21
Q

Terms of Depth

A

Superficial / External

Deep / Internal

22
Q

Terms of Positioning

A

Supine
Prone
Lateral decubitus (Recumbent)

23
Q

Terms of Movement

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial / Internal Rotation
Lateral / External Rotation 
Elevation
Depression
24
Q

Flexion

A

For Extremities: movement that decreases the angle between 2 body parts
For Spine: forward bending

25
Q

Extension

A

For Extremities: movement that increases the angle between two body parts
For Spine: bending backwards

26
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

27
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

28
Q

Medial / Internal Rotation

A

Rotation toward the midline of the body

29
Q

Lateral / Internal Rotation

A

Rotation away from midline of the body

30
Q

Elevation

A

Movement in an inferior direction

31
Q

Depression

A

Movement in an inferior direction

Anatomy (7 decks)

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