The Basics Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest stable unit of matter.
What is an element?
A group of atoms of the same type.
What is an Ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms chemically combined.
What is a compound?
Two or more elements chemically combined.
What is the empirical formulae?
The formula of a compound in it’s simplest form.
What is the molecular formula?
The actual ratio of elements in a conpound.
What does -IDE (sulphide) -ATE (sulphate) -ITE (sulphite) Represent/mean?
- IDE - means just the element on it’s own.
- ATE - means the element + oxygen
and - ITE - means the element + less oxygen.
What is the rule for balancing equations that refers to the elements you should/shouldn’t start balancing with?
Don’t start to balance with the elements hydrogen or oxygen. Start with a metal, if possible.
What 5 things are always soluble?
- All Sodiums
- All Nitrates
- All Ethanoates
- All Potassiums
- All Ammoniums
Which two things are mostly soluble?
- Chlorides (except Pb, Ag, Br and I)
- Sulphates (except Pb and Br)
Which 2 things are mostly insoluble?
- Most Carbonates (except nitrates, Sodiums, Potassiums and Ammoniums.)
- Most Hydroxides (except Sodiums, Potassiums, Ammoniums, Nitrates and Calciums)
What does a metal + alkali give?
MASH
METAL + ALKALI -> SALT + HYDROGEN
What does an acid + metal oxide give?
Acid + metal oxide –> salt + water
What is a spectator ion?
An ion that does not change form - is the same on both sides of the equation.
What ions do acids have and what ions do alkalis have?
Acids - H+ ions
Alkalis - OH- ions
What is a base?
An aqueous solution with a pH of 7+
What charge do hydrogen ion have?
+1
What charge do Sodiums have?
+1
What charge do Silver ions have?
+1
What charge do Potassium ions have?
+1
What charge do Lithium ions have?
+1
What charge do Ammonium ions have?
+1
What charge do Barium ions have?
+2
What charge do Calcium ions have?
+2
What charge do Copper (II) ions have?
+2
What charge do Magnesium ions have?
+2
What charge do Zinc ions have?
+2
What charge do Lead ions have?
+2
What charge do Iron (II) ions have?
+2
What charge do Iron (III) ions have?
+3
What charge do Aluminium ions have?
+3
What charge do Chloride ions have?
1-
What charge do Bromide ions have?
1-
What charge do Fluoride ions have?
1-
What charge do Iodide ions have?
1-
What charge do Hydroxide ions have?
1-
What charge do Nitrate ions have?
1-
What charge do Oxide ions have?
2-
What charge do Sulfide ions have?
2-
What charge do Sulfate ions have?
2-
What charge do Carbonate ions have?
2-
Metal + acid —–> _________?
salt +hydrogen
Metal oxide + acid ———> ___________?
salt + water
Metal cabonate + acid ————-> ____________?
salt + water + carbon dioxide
Metal hydroxide + acid ———–> _____________?
salt + water
When watching a reaction that produces a gas, where one of the reactants is a solid, what two observations can be made?
Bubbles and a solid disappearing.
What is the main problem with chlorine gas for health?
It’s poisonous
What is the main problem with chlorine gas for health?
It’s poisonous
