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AS Chemistry > The Basics > Flashcards

The Basics Flashcards

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0
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest stable unit of matter.

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

A group of atoms of the same type.

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2
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

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3
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms chemically combined.

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements chemically combined.

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5
Q

What is the empirical formulae?

A

The formula of a compound in it’s simplest form.

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6
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual ratio of elements in a conpound.

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7
Q 
What does 
-IDE (sulphide)
-ATE (sulphate)
-ITE (sulphite)
Represent/mean?
A
  • IDE - means just the element on it’s own.
  • ATE - means the element + oxygen
    and
  • ITE - means the element + less oxygen.
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8
Q

What is the rule for balancing equations that refers to the elements you should/shouldn’t start balancing with?

A

Don’t start to balance with the elements hydrogen or oxygen. Start with a metal, if possible.

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9
Q

What 5 things are always soluble?

A
  • All Sodiums
  • All Nitrates
  • All Ethanoates
  • All Potassiums
  • All Ammoniums
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10
Q

Which two things are mostly soluble?

A
  • Chlorides (except Pb, Ag, Br and I)

- Sulphates (except Pb and Br)

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11
Q

Which 2 things are mostly insoluble?

A
  • Most Carbonates (except nitrates, Sodiums, Potassiums and Ammoniums.)
  • Most Hydroxides (except Sodiums, Potassiums, Ammoniums, Nitrates and Calciums)
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12
Q

What does a metal + alkali give?

A

MASH

METAL + ALKALI -> SALT + HYDROGEN

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13
Q

What does an acid + metal oxide give?

A

Acid + metal oxide –> salt + water

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14
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

An ion that does not change form - is the same on both sides of the equation.

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15
Q

What ions do acids have and what ions do alkalis have?

A

Acids - H+ ions

Alkalis - OH- ions

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16
Q

What is a base?

A

An aqueous solution with a pH of 7+

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17
Q

What charge do hydrogen ion have?

A

+1

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18
Q

What charge do Sodiums have?

A

+1

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19
Q

What charge do Silver ions have?

A

+1

20
Q

What charge do Potassium ions have?

A

+1

21
Q

What charge do Lithium ions have?

A

+1

22
Q

What charge do Ammonium ions have?

A

+1

23
Q

What charge do Barium ions have?

A

+2

24
Q

What charge do Calcium ions have?

A

+2

25
Q

What charge do Copper (II) ions have?

A

+2

26
Q

What charge do Magnesium ions have?

A

+2

27
Q

What charge do Zinc ions have?

A

+2

28
Q

What charge do Lead ions have?

A

+2

29
Q

What charge do Iron (II) ions have?

A

+2

30
Q

What charge do Iron (III) ions have?

A

+3

31
Q

What charge do Aluminium ions have?

A

+3

32
Q

What charge do Chloride ions have?

A

1-

33
Q

What charge do Bromide ions have?

A

1-

34
Q

What charge do Fluoride ions have?

A

1-

35
Q

What charge do Iodide ions have?

A

1-

36
Q

What charge do Hydroxide ions have?

A

1-

37
Q

What charge do Nitrate ions have?

A

1-

38
Q

What charge do Oxide ions have?

A

2-

39
Q

What charge do Sulfide ions have?

A

2-

40
Q

What charge do Sulfate ions have?

A

2-

42
Q

What charge do Carbonate ions have?

A

2-

43
Q

Metal + acid —–> _________?

A

salt +hydrogen

44
Q

Metal oxide + acid ———> ___________?

A

salt + water

45
Q

Metal cabonate + acid ————-> ____________?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

46
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid ———–> _____________?

A

salt + water

47
Q

When watching a reaction that produces a gas, where one of the reactants is a solid, what two observations can be made?

A

Bubbles and a solid disappearing.

48
Q

What is the main problem with chlorine gas for health?

A

It’s poisonous

49
Q

What is the main problem with chlorine gas for health?

A

It’s poisonous

AS Chemistry (8 decks)

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