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AS Chemistry > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Complete Combustion of alkanes

A

Produces carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

Incomplete combustion of alkanes

A

Produces carbon dioxide, water and carbon monoxide

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3
Q

Reaction of alkanes with Chlorine

A

Free Radical Substitution Mechanism -
Initiation: Cl2–>Cl. + Cl.

Propagation: Cl. + C2H6 –> C2H5. + HCl
C2H5. + Cl2 —> C2H5Cl + Cl.

Termination: Cl. + Cl. —> Cl2
C2H5. + Cl. —> C2H5Cl

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4
Q

Addition of hydrogen to Alkenes with a Nickel Catalyst

A

(150 degrees C) Produces Alkanes.

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5
Q

Addition of halogens to Alkenes (ethene)

A

Electrophilic Addition Mechanism

C2H4 + Cl2 —> C2H4Cl2

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6
Q

Addition of hydrogen halides to Alkenes (ethene)

A

Electrophilic Addition Mechanism

C2H4 + HCl —> C2H5Cl

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7
Q

Addition of hyrdogen halides to propene

A

Unsymmetrical Electrophilic Addition Mechanism

TWO PRODUCTS

C3H6 + HCl —> C3H7Cl (1-chloropropane)

OR

C2H4 + HCl —> C2H5Cl (2-chloropropane) - more likely

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8
Q

Oxidation of Alkenes using potassium manganate

A

C2H4 + [O] (+ sulphuric acid) —> C2H6O2 (Diol)

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9
Q

Reaction with Bromine Water

A

C2H4 + BrOH —> C2H5BrO (bromoethanol)

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10
Q

Addition polymerisation of Alkenes

A

Double bond of alkene broken, only 2 carbons in the backbone, any other alkyl groups go above or below, brackets round repeating unit and bonds from each carbon go through their respective bracket.

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11
Q

Combustion of Alcohols

A

C2H6O + 302 —> 2CO2 + 3H20

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12
Q

Reaction of Alcohols with Sodium

A

C2H6O + 2Na —> C2H5O-Na+ (ionic sodium ethoxide) + H2

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13
Q

Substitution of Alcohols to form halogenoalkanes

A

Tertiary: C2H60 + HCl —> C2H5Cl + H20

Primary and Secondary: C2H60 + PBr3 —> 3C2H5Br + H3PO3

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14
Q

Oxidation of primary Alcohols to form aldehydes and carboxylic acid.

A

Distillation:
C2H6O + [O] + H2SO4 —> C2H4O (Ethanal) + H2O

Reflux:
C2H60 + [O] + H2SO4 —> C2H402 + H20

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15
Q

Oxidation of secondary alcohols to form Ketones

A

C3H8O + [O] + H2SO4 —> C3H6O + H2O

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16
Q

Reaction of Halogenoalkanes with aqueous alkali

A

Nucleophillic Substitution Mechanism:

C2H5Cl + OH (aqueous) —> C2H6O

17
Q

Reaction of halogenoalkanes with alcoholic alkali

A

Elimination Mechanism:

C2H5Cl + OH (alcoholic) —> C2H4 + H20 + :Cl-

18
Q

Reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate solution

A

Chloro - White precipitate
Bromo - Creme precipitate
Iodo - Yellow precipitate

19
Q

The reaction of halogenoalkanes with alcoholic ammonia

A

Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism

```
Produces Amines (C2H7N
Reflux)
~~~

AS Chemistry (8 decks)

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