The Basics

Question 1

ABCs of psychology

Answer 1

Affect (feel)
Behavior (do)
Cognition (think)

Question 2

Prejudice

Answer 2

Biased feelings or attitudes based on perceived group membership

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Differential behaviors towards people based on perceived group membership

Question 4

Stereotypes

Answer 4

Generalized beliefs about people based on perceived group membership

Question 5

Kernal conundrum

Answer 5

Stereotypes can be based in observations

Question 6

S or P
Librarians are old

Answer 6

S

Question 7

S or P
Policemen are no good

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

Intrapersonal discrimination

Answer 8

Person-to-person

Question 9

Organizational discrimination

Answer 9

Practices, rules, and policies of formal organizations have discriminatory outcomes

Question 10

Institutional discrimination

Answer 10

Social norms and institutions

Question 11

Who is affected by stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Answer 11

Everyone

Question 12

Scientific racism

Answer 12

Attempt to empirically justify prejudice based on physiology
Ex. Phrenology

Question 13

Psychodynamic model

Answer 13

Proposes that universal psychological processes account for prejudice, irrational and unjustified beliefs

Question 14

Sociocultural model

Answer 14

Ties prejudice to culture and societal structures

Question 15

Intrasocietal competition

Answer 15

Perceived competition between groups creates conflict

Question 16

Relative deprivation theory

Answer 16

Prejudice results from people believing they are being deprived where another group is not

Question 17

Conflict perspective

Answer 17

Conflict comes from competition for resources

Question 18

Intergroup relations

Answer 18

People can only have a positive self-identity by feeling positively about the groups they are in

Question 19

Cognitive modeling

Answer 19

Prejudice is viewed as a universal/inevitable consequence of basic cognitive processes

Question 20

Ease of processing

Answer 20

It is cognitively simpler to think of all members in a group to be similar to one another

Question 21

Evolutionary model

Answer 21

Behavioral tendencies stem from psychological mechanisms that evolved to allow survival

Question 22

Xenophobia

Answer 22

Suspicion and fear of strangers, the “other”

Question 23

Kin selection

Answer 23

Cooperation among relatives to ensure genetic survival

Question 24

Optimal distinctiveness theory

Answer 24

If individuals perceive minority groups to be distinctive and inclusive, then individuals should be more likely to identify with and prefer minority to majority group membership.

Question 25

Perceptual biases

Answer 25

Actual group membership is irrelevant we judge based on percieved group membership

Question 26

Areas of prejudice “visible from a distance”

Answer 26

1. Race
2. Gender, sexual orientation (secondary)
3. Age
4. Appearance (class distinction, attractiveness, weight)

Question 27

“Less visible” areas of prejudice

Answer 27

Religion, speech (accents), disabilities, career choice, political beliefs, hobbies, drug usage, criminal record

Question 28

-isms

Answer 28

Belief systems based on group superiority and behaviors which reflect those systems
1. Combine prejudice and group-centered worldview that emphasized the “natural” superiority
2. Desire to control and dominate other groups
3. Reflected in behavior (discrimination)