Social Categorization

Question 1

This chapter is purely about _______.

Answer 1

stereotypes

Question 2

The least effort principle

Answer 2

People generally seek the minimum amount of energy needed to satisfy goals

Question 3

Cognitive Miser Model

Answer 3

Brain gives little attention to tasks for long times
Ex. working a 12 hr shift leads to inefficient work

Question 4

Schema Theory

Answer 4

Sensation ➡️ Attention ➡️ Recall ➡️ Activate necessary schema ➡️ Response

Question 5

Schema

Answer 5

Active organization of past experiences

Question 6

What kinds of things do people categorize?

Answer 6

Everything

Question 7

Person schemas

Answer 7

Stereotypes

Question 8

Social categorization is most commonly based on _______.

Answer 8

immediate visual stimuli

Question 9

Schema consequences

Answer 9

Affects memory, perception, attention, and organization

Question 10

Outgroup homogeneity

Answer 10

“We should stereotype you, because all you people are the same”
Ingroup has only an abstract understanding of the outgroup

Question 11

Minimal groups

Answer 11

Groups in name only, these irrelevant groups also produce ingroup-outgroup mentality

Question 12

Ultimate attribution error

Answer 12

The explanation you create for the cause of someone’s behavior is an attribution
The ultimate error is making different attributions towards different groups for the same behavior

Question 13

Illusory correlations

Answer 13

When people see two distinct (rare) events, they tend to overestimate their cooccurrence

Question 14

Social roles theory

Answer 14

We assume people have characteristics of the roles they play
Ex. Men are expected to be breadwinners; this requires confidence; men are confident (stereotype)

Question 15

Asian countries have better math education, so we think all
Asians are good at math

A. Ultimate Attribution Error
B. Illusory correlation
C. Social roles theory
D. Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 15

illusory correlation (pseudocontingency)

Question 16

Black kids who misbehave are bad kids; white kids who
misbehave are good kids in bad situations

A. Ultimate Attribution Error
B. Illusory correlation
C. Social roles theory
D. Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 16

Ultimate Attribution Error

Question 17

Women historically spend more time with kids, so we think
they’re more nurturing and enjoy childcare (and men aren’t
good at and don’t like childcare)

A. Ultimate Attribution Error
B. Illusory correlation
C. Social roles theory
D. Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 17

Social roles theory

Question 18

We are more likely to form stereotype about groups we don’t
interact with much

A. Ultimate Attribution Error
B. Illusory correlation
C. Social roles theory
D. Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 18

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Question 19

Why do people have stereotypes if they can have negative consequences?

Answer 19

Convenience, predictability

Question 20

Ego-defensive function

Answer 20

Protect self-esteem by derogating other groups

Question 21

Social adjustment function

Answer 21

Fundamental need to belong; the norms and expectations from social groups sometimes direct people how to think and feel about others

E.g. laughing at a racist joke you don’t really believe to make people like you

Question 22

directing comments to the oldest male member of a
group (assume they are the boss)

Answer 22

cognitive function (don’t know who to talk to,
and stereotype gives an answer)

Question 23

telling a joke about old people on Facebook to make
people laugh

Answer 23

social adjustment (making people like them)

Question 24

thinking that you don’t need to listen to your doctor’s
negative feedback because of their Southern accent

Answer 24

ego defensive (makes you feel better about
yourself)

Question 25

choosing a super hero toy and a princess toy for a
little boy and girl they don’t know well

Answer 25

cognitive function (helps you make a decision)

Question 26

shouting sexist slurs at a female player who beats
them at Call of Duty

Answer 26

ego defensive (makes you feel better about
yourself)

Question 27

Are stereotypes consistent or inconsistent?

Answer 27

Inconsistent, they are inconsistent across cultures and time

Question 28

Devine’s dissociation model

Answer 28

1. Categorize people into social categories
2. Activation: stereotype becomes available
3. Application: stereotype is used to make judgements

Question 29

People detect each other’s probable race, gender, age, etc. within _______.

Answer 29

milliseconds of meeting

Question 30

Context Matters:
Phenotypicality

Answer 30

How well does someone fit the essential features of some category? (Prototypical model)

Question 31

Context Matters:
Situationality

Answer 31

Use categories to identify particular dimensions on which one differs from their social context
E.g. in a room full of men and one woman, we are more likely to categorize her based on gender than something else

Question 32

Context Matters:
Prejudice

Answer 32

Increased prejudice towards groups causes attention towards said groups, leading to overcategorization of these groups