The basics Flashcards
Psycholinguistics
the scientific study of the mental processes involved in producing, understanding, and acquiring language
Communication
the process by which individuals exchange information and convey ideas (share a common reference, don’t need language, language is a form of communication)
Language
a socially shared code used to convey information through the use of arbitrary symbols and rules that govern combinations of these symbols
Speech
the oral-verbal mode of transmitting language; comprised of the sound system of the language (language specific sounds)
Tacit knowledge
how to perform various acts
Explicit knowledge
knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these various acts of tacit knowledge
Rule-based systems of language
Phonology (sounds), syntax/morphology (form), semantics (content), pragmatics (use)
phonology
the sound pattern for language. The study of phonemes and how they are combined
phoneme
the smallest unit of speech that can signal a change in meaning
Speech is complex (4)
precise coordination of respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance
Syntax
the structure of sentences and rules that specify how words are ordered to produce various sentence types
Morphology
the structure of words and rules that govern the makeup of words (the study of morphemes)
Morpheme
the smallest linguistic units with meaning
Semantics
content, the meaning of words and the links that bind them (vocabulary)
Lexicon
an individual’s mental dictionary (semantics requires experience and exposure to the specific word). Interconnections in lexicon allow for quick recall of words
Content, form, use
content (semantics), form (morphology, syntax, use (pragmatics)
Pragmatics
Rules that govern the use of language in social contexts (intentions - purpose for using language, intent dictates how we use language.) Choice of codes, matches the audience, discourse conventions
Basic linguistic principles (5)
duality of patterning, semanticity, phrase structure, linguistic productivity/generativity, displacement