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Clinical Human Anatomy > The Back 8.13 > Flashcards

The Back 8.13 Flashcards

1
Q

N164

A

Know it?

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2
Q

Vertebrae in adults

A 
26 vertebrae (adult): 
• 7cervical
• 12thoracic 
• 5lumbar
• 1sacral
• 1coccygeal
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3
Q

Function of intervertebral discs

A
  • Absorb shock

- Permit movement between adjacent vertebrae

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4
Q

Effect of hydration on IV discs

A

Increase with hydration (most in AM, hence greatest height in morning)

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5
Q

N168

A

Know it? Anterior ligament, post. longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

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6
Q

Typical site/type of herniation

A

Post-lateral, lumbar (due to posture, compression, falls) in L4-L5 or L5-S1, cervical (movement)

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7
Q

Differentiation between vertebrae

A

Lumbar - Big body, short spinous processes
Thoracic - Costal facets for rib articulations
Cervical - Foramen in transverse processes (for vertebral arteries), small bodies

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8
Q

Atlas

A

Vertebra C1, also called the Atlas, is unique in that it has neither a body nor a spinous process. This ring‐shaped bone has paired lateral masses that serve the place of a body by bearing the weight of the globe‐like cranium.

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9
Q

Axis

A

Vertebra C2, also called the Axis, is the strongest of the cervical vertebrae. The distinguishing feature of the axis is the blunt tooth‐like dens (odontoid process), which projects superiorly from its body.

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10
Q

Primary Curvature

A

Resembles the fetal curvature (sacral and thoracic)

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11
Q

Secondary Curvature

A

develop as baby lifts head (cervical vertebrae remodeling) and then when the toddler begins to stand and walk (lumbar vertebrae remodeling)

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12
Q

Kyphosis

A

Curve in cervical region (“hump”)

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13
Q

Lordosis

A

Curve in lumbar region (normal in pregnancy)

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14
Q

Scoliosis

A

Curve favoring a side in T/C region

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15
Q

Symphysis

A

Joint between two vertebrae. The joints of the vertebral bodies are symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints) designed for weight bearing and strength.The articulating surfaces of adjacent vertebrae are connected by IV discs and ligaments

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16
Q

Facet

A

Joint between bony aspects in vertebrae. The zygapophyseal (facet) joints are formed by the articulating processes of adjacent vertebrae.These processes determine the types of movements permitted and restricted between the adjacent vertebrae of each region. The articular processes also assist in keeping adjacent vertebrae aligned, particularly preventing one vertebra from slipping anteriorly on the vertebra below.

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17
Q

Flexion in back

A

Bend-over, toe touch

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18
Q

Extension in back

A

Backwards back bend (think Corrine in that music video)

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19
Q

Lateral flexion in back

A

Bending down to one side only

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20
Q

N176

A

Know it? Vertebral arteries, subclavian arteries, anterior spinal arteries, posterior spinal arteries

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21
Q

The anterior and posterior spinal arteries arise from… and supply…

A

…the vertebral arteries and supply the spinal cord

22
Q

Posterior spinal artery feeds _ systems and anterior feeds _ systems

A

Posterior - sensory

Anterior - motor

23
Q

N177

A

Know it? Poster and anterior spinal arteries

24
Q

Vasculature of spinal cord - what feeds what portion?

A

Anterior Spinal Artery (1)
• arises from vertebral arteries and unite to form a single artery which travels midline of spinal cord and supplies anterior 2/3 of the cord.
Posterior Spinal Arteries (2)
• arise from vertebral arteries and travel just posterior to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (bilateral) and together supply the remaining posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord.

25
Q

What veins transport venous blood for the vertebral canal? What do they communicate via?

A

The internal (epidural) and external venous plexuses transmit venous blood inside and outside of the vertebral canal, respectively. The two plexuses communicate via intervertebral foramina.

26
Q

N178

A

Know it?

27
Q

Special quality of vertebral veins

A

No valves (significance in cancer - tumor metastasis)

28
Q

Function of trapezius

A

Raise/lower scapula

29
Q

Function of rhomboids

A

Retract scapulae together

30
Q

Trapezius innervated by…

A

Accessory nerve

31
Q

Lat. Dorsi innervated by…

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

32
Q

Levator scapulae and rhomboids (ma. and mi.) innervated by…

A

Dorsal scapular nerves

33
Q

N171

A

Know it?

34
Q

N183

A

Know it?

35
Q

N180

A

Know it? Serratus post. inf/sup, splenius (cap/cerv), semispinalis capitis

36
Q

Serratus posterior superior/inferior function as…

A

Accessory muscles of respiration

37
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

Spinalis muscle
Longissimus m.
Iliocostalis m.

38
Q

Erector spinae muscles function to…

A

Bilaterally: extension of spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine

39
Q

N181

A

Know it? Acc. muscles of respiration and erector spinae

40
Q

Spinal cord enlarges at…

A

C/L region (to accommodate for extremities)

41
Q

Site of LPs (ped and adult)

A

Between L1/L2 in adults, L4/L5 in babies - aims for cauda equina

42
Q

Meninges

A 
– Dura mater
• Dural sac
"tough"
– Arachnoid mater
– Pia mater
• Denticulate ligaments 
• Filum terminale
         – Internal and external portions
43
Q

CSF is located…

A

…in the subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia.

44
Q

Spinal dural sac

A
  • The dura mater forms the spinal dural sac, a long tubular sheath within the vertebral canal
  • This sac adheres to the margin of the foramen magnum of the cranium, where it is continuous with the cranial dura mater (around brain)
45
Q

Filum Terminale Externa

A

The pia mater extension within the dural sac is know as the filum terminale interna
• As the filum terminale interna reaches the end of the dural sac, it is joined by the dura and the filum terminale externa is formed which anchors the spinal cord and meninges to the coccyx

46
Q

Why are anterior herniations uncommon?

A

Anterior ligament fortifies the front

47
Q

Which nerve is affected in herniation?

A

Corresponding in lower C-vert, higher in T/L-vert

48
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

The site on the back where breath sounds may be most easily heard through a stethoscope
Boundaries: Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, medial border of scapula

49
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fracture of isthmus

50
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Fracture and translocation of isthmus

Clinical Human Anatomy (7 decks)

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