The Axial Skeleton

Question 1

An adult skeleton has ___ bones

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 2

Supports soft tissue
Provides muscular attachment points
Protect internal organs
Mineral homeostasis including calcium and phosphorus
Hemopoiesis; blood-cell production within the red bone marrow
Triglyceride storage within the yellow bone marrow

Question 3

The 3 types of connective tissue that make the skeleton:

Answer 3

Bone tissue
Cartilaginous tissue
Bone marrow

Question 4

Bone tissue:

Answer 4

Biphasic: inorganic and organic (toughness)
Vascular
Cells: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

Question 5

Cartilaginous tissue:

Answer 5

Monophasic: organic only, no minerals (flexible)
Avascular
Cells: chondrocytes

Question 6

Bone marrow:

Answer 6

Red bone marrow (hematopoiesis)

Yellow bone marrow (triglyceride storage)

Question 7

The 3 types of cartilage

Answer 7

Hyaline
Fibro
Elastic

Question 8

Hyaline cartilage is located

Answer 8

At epiphysis of long bones at mobile joints

Question 9

Fibrocartilage is located

Answer 9

In pad-like structures

Question 10

Osteoblast:

Answer 10

Immature cell, secretes osteoid (organic)

Question 11

Osteocyte:

Answer 11

Mature, reside in lacunae and maintain bone site

Question 12

osteoclast:

Answer 12

Degrade bone matrix for reabsorption

Question 13

Compact bone is also called

Answer 13

Cortical or dense bone

Question 14

Compact bone is distinguished by

Answer 14

Osteons and Haversian systems

Question 15

Spongy bone is also called

Answer 15

Cancellous and trabecular bone

Question 16

Spongy bone is characterized by

Answer 16

Trabeculae, highly porous with red bone marrow

Question 17

Bone membranes:

Answer 17

Periosteum: outer fibrous later
Endosteum: inner membrane

Question 18

Short bones lack:

Answer 18

Medullary cavities

Question 19

The axial skeleton is composed of

Answer 19

The Skull, vertebral column, and the bony thorax (80 bones)

Question 20

There are __ cranial bones and __ facial bones

Answer 20

8 cranial bones

14 facial bones

Question 21

Sutures of the skull

Answer 21

Sagittal suture
Coronal/frontal suture
Lambdoidal suture

Question 22

The fossas of the brain house:

Answer 22

Anterior fossa: frontal lobe
Middle fossa: temporal lobe
Posterior fossa: cerebellum

Question 23

Cranial bones include:

Answer 23

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal 
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Question 24

Facial bones include:

Answer 24

Maxilla
Mandible 
Zygomatic 
Palatine 
Lacrimal
Nasal 
Vomer
Inf. nasal conchae

Question 25

The paranasal sinuses of the skull:

Answer 25

Frontal Maxillary Ethmoidal Sphenoid

Question 26

Bone tissue is ____ and cartilaginous tissue is ____

Answer 26

Bone tissue: biphasic | Cartilaginous tissue: monophasic

Question 27

Cartilage is ______ and contains ______

Answer 27

Avascular, chondrocytes

Question 28

Metacarpals and metatarsals are examples of:

Answer 28

Short bones

Question 29

Cranial bones, ribs, sternum, and scapulae are examples of:

Answer 29

Flat bones

Question 30

The femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna and phalanges are examples of

Answer 30

Long bones

Question 31

Vertebrae, wormian bones and selected bones are examples of

Answer 31

Irregular bones

Question 32

The temporal bones feature:

Answer 32

The mastoid process, styloid process, and external acoustic meatus

Question 33

The occipital bones feature:

Answer 33

Foramen magnum | Jugular foramen

Question 34

The sphenoid bone features the ___ which houses the ___

Answer 34

Sella turcica, pituitary

Question 35

Intervertebral discs are bound by:

Answer 35

Symphysis cartilaginous joints that absorb shock

Question 36

The regions of the vertebrae are:

Answer 36

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5) and Coccyx (4)

Question 37

True ribs:

Answer 37

Ribs 1 - 7 | Attach to sternum via hyaline cartilage

Question 38

False ribs

Answer 38

Ribs 8 - 10 | Indirectly attach to sternum via a common hyaline strip

Question 39

Floating ribs

Answer 39

Ribs 11 - 12 | Lack anterior attachment

Question 40

All ribs have posterior articulations with:

Answer 40

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 41

The hyoid bone articulates with...

Answer 41

No other bone | Lies inferior to mandible

Question 42

The hyoid bone functions to

Answer 42

Raising the larynx during speech and swallowing