Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Compare Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: describes the structures in the human body and their relationship amongst other structures
Physiology: investigates the function and focusses on activities at the cellular and molecular level
Compare systemic anatomy and regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy: organ systems
Regional anatomy: limb systems
The dorsal cavity contains:
Cranial and vertebral cavities
The cranial cavity is formed by the:
Cranium
Houses the brain
The vertebral cavity is formed by the:
Bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord
The ventral cavity contains:
Thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities
The thoracic cavity contains the
Mediastinum
Pleural cavities
Pericardial cavity
Diaphragm
The abdomino-pelvic cavity contains the
Abdominal and pelvic cavity
Compare the parietal and visceral serosa.
Provide an example
Parietal serosa: outer layer, lines the body cavity wall.
Visceral serosa: inner layer, lines the organ surface.
Eg. the pericardium
Molecular structure are/nt living organisms:
Are not
The smallest living components are ____ and they are combinations of ____ molecules
Cells
Organic
Energy for cellular activities is stored as:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The interstitial fluid provides cells with:
A source of nutrients
Site of waste disposal
The cytosol contains ____ Na+. ____ Cl-, and ____ K+
Low Na+
Low Cl-
High K+
Movement across the cell membrane is facilitated by:
Active and passive transport
Filamentous proteins that make-up the cytoskeleton:
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Cilia are arranged by:
A 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
Cell function and reproduction is localized to the:
Nucleus
The nucleus contains:
Chromatin, containing:
DNA
Globular histone proteins
Chromosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is located ___ and synthesizes ___
Continuous with the nucleus
Contains ribosomes
Synthesises proteins and phospholipids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes ___ and has a role in ___
Lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates
Role in liver detoxification and storage of Ca2+
The Golgi apparatus functions to:
Modify proteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Performs post-translational modification, and packages proteins
Synthesises carbohydrates
The mitochondria:
Synthesizes ATP
Contains circular DNA and ribosomes
Concentration gradients are governed by:
The Na+/K+ pump:
ATPase pumps 3 Na+ out of cell
ATPase pumps 2 K+ into cell
