The autonomic NS

Question 1

what is the autonomic NS divided into

Answer 1

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 2

how do the parasympathetic and sympthatic pass through the ganglia

Answer 2

para: pass through ganglia close to target organ
symp: pass through ganglia soon after spinal cord

Question 3

what are the terminating transmitters for the parasymp and symp

Answer 3

para: acetylcholine
symp: norepinphrine

Question 4

what is the main similiary btwn the para and symp system

Answer 4

use nicotinic cholinergic receptor at neuromuscular junction

Question 5

what happens to the pupil in the parasymp response? symp?

Answer 5

para: pupil constricts
symp: pupil dilates

Question 6

what are the 2 main types of receptors found in the ans

Answer 6

ionotropic: ion channels
metabotropic: GPCRs=> lead to a second messenger production

Question 7

what are the 2 different families of receptors in the ANS

Answer 7

adrenergic recptors: all metabotropic (alpha1,2; beta1,2,3)

cholinergic receptors:

• nicotinic: ionotropic
• muscarinic: metabotropic

Question 8

what are the endogenous ligans

Answer 8

ephinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 9

what R group do norep, ephin, and Isoproterenol have

Answer 9

NE=H
Epi=Ch3
ISO=isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2)

Question 10

what is the main difference of Epi and NE

Answer 10

NE has a very low potency while Epi has a high potentcy of the beta2 receptor (relaxatin of bronchial smooth muscle)

NE=safe to cause heart constriction w/o relaxation of the lungs

Question 11

what is the antagonist of the beta2-receptor (relaxation of bronchia smooth muscle) and the beta 1-receptor (contraction of heart)

Answer 11

propranololol (beta antagonist-non selective)

Question 12

what kind of shift determines if a drug is an antagonist

Answer 12

right shift

Question 13

what do alpha-adrenergic receptors do

Answer 13

vasoconstriction of coronoary arteries

vasoconstriction of veins

Question 14

what are alpha1 specific effects:

what are alpha2 specific effects:

Answer 14

alpha1: smooth muscle contraction
- stimulation = mydriasis
alpha2: inhibition of insulin release, contraction of sphincters, thrombocyte aggregation, negative feedback in neuronal synapses

Question 15

what are beta 1 receptor effects
beta 2?
beta 3?

Answer 15

beta 1: inc cardiac output (inc HR), inc blood pressure
-inc contraction
-inc renin
beta 2: smooth muscle relaxation (mainly lungs)
-dilate arteries
-decrease histamine release from mast cells
-inc renin
beta3: enhancement of lipolysis in brown adipose tissue

Question 16

what is the difference btwn clonidine and brimonidine

Answer 16

clonidine=does not vasoconstrict

brimonidine: casues vasoconstriction

Question 17

what are the alpha2 selective adrenergic agonists

what are they used for

Answer 17

clonidine (doesnt vasocontrcit)
brimonidine (vasoconstricts)
-used in cardiovascular conditions to decrease BP and HR

Question 18

what is isoproterenol selective for

what does it do

Answer 18

beta selective

increase bp and hr

Question 19

what is NE and Epi seletive for

Answer 19

non-selective

NE is practically nonfunctional at beta2, only Epi

Question 20

what is tetrahydrolozine selective for

what does it do

Answer 20

alpha agonist

constrict bv to reduce red eye

Question 21

what are the alpha 1 agonists

what do they do

Answer 21

phenylephrine/pseudoephedrine

decongestant, contracts bv in nose when congested

Question 22

what is albuterol selective for

what is it used for

Answer 22

beta 2 agonist
bronchodilation
asthma and covd

Question 23

what is imipramine used for

what is the drug class

Answer 23

adrenergic reuptake inhibitor
anti-depressent
blocks reuptake transporter on pre synaptic cell to prevent NE from being taken from pre-synaptic space

Question 24

what is the drug class of prazosin 
what is it selective for
what does it do

Answer 24

alpha adrenergic agonist
alpha 1 selective
used to treat hypertension, contracts veins and arteries

Question 25

what is the drug class of labetalol
what is it selective for
what does it do

Answer 25

beta-adrenergic antagonist
non-selective
blocks alpha1 receptor
used to lower bp during pregnancy

Question 26

what is the drug class of propranolol 
what is it selective for 
what does it do

Answer 26

beta-adrenergic antagonist
non-selective
contracts bronchia smooth muscle, relaxes heart
treats hypertenstion, tremor, repeated heart attack

Question 27

what is the class of physostigmine 
what is its receptor 
what does it do 
what does it treat

Answer 27

• cholinesterase inhibitor
• ach agonist (reversible)
• increase conc of natural ach by inhibiting mech only where ach is released
• ach issues

Question 28

what is the class of donepezil 
what is its receptor
what does it do
what does it treat

Answer 28

• cholinesterase inhibitor
• ach agonist
• alzheimer’s