The Atoms And Redox

Question 0

Rules for assigning oxidation number

Answer 0

1. Unrelated element = 0
2. Group I, II, III metals become +1+2+3
3. Oxygen in a compound is always -2
4. Hydrogen becomes +1
5. Group VII elements are usually -1

Question 1

Oxidation number

Answer 1

The monitoring of electron movement of individual elements in compound ions and covalent compounds.

Question 2

First ionisation energy

Answer 2

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom of 1 mole of gaseous atoms

Question 3

Inner electron layers are called?

Answer 3

Shielding electrons

Question 4

Relative atomic mass

Answer 4

The weighted mean average of all isotopes of an element compared to one twelfth of carbon-12

Question 5

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 5

The mass of one atom of a specific isotope compared to one twelfth mass of one atom of the isotope carbon-12

Question 6

Molar mass

Answer 6

The mass of one mole of the atom

Question 8

Mole

Answer 8

The number of atoms of carbon-12 in exactly 12g of carbon-12. This number is 6.02x10^23

Question 9

Salt

Answer 9

Compound formed when the H+ ion in an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion

Question 10

Isotope

Answer 10

Atoms with the same number of protons vut a different number of neutrons

Question 11

Examples of bases (4)

Answer 11

• NaCl
• Any type of oxide
• CO3 ion
• Ammonia

Question 12

Alkali

Answer 12

A soluble base that releases OH- ions in water

Question 13

Acid

Answer 13

A proton donor

Question 14

Base

Answer 14

A proton acceptor

Question 15

Test for halides using silver nitrate (testing for halides in solution)

Answer 15

-If halides are present there will be either a white (chloride), cream (bromide) or yellow (iodide) precipitate

Question 16

Test for halides using ammonia (2)

Answer 16

• In dilute ammonia solution, chloride ions are soluble while bromide and iodide ions are not
• In concentrated ammonia solution, chloride and bromide ions are soluble while iodide ions are not

Question 17

Spectator ion

Answer 17

An ion that doesn’t undergo a chemical change

Question 18

Precipitate

Answer 18

One or more insoluble products that form when reacting two soluble salts

Question 19

Orbital

Answer 19

Regions of space that can be occupied by up to two electrons of the same energy and opposite spin

Question 20

Electron behaviour within an orbital

Answer 20

According to Schroedingers equation we know that electrons are randomly moving around so orbitals are drawn as 90% orbitals as that is where we expect them to be for 90% of the time

Question 21

The four types of orbital

Answer 21

s, p, d, f

Question 22

Trends in first ionisation energy

Answer 22

As you go down a group the first ionisation energy decreases
As you go along a period the first ionisation energy increases
First ionisation energy dips very slightly between the transition from group 2-3, 5-6